world geography key
Terms
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- geography
- the study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other
- latitude
- the imaginary parallel lines that circle the earth parallel to the equator - measures distance north and south of the equator in degrees
- longitude
- the set of imaginary lines called meridians that runs from the northpole to the south pole measuring distances east or west of the prime meridian
- prime meridian
- an imaginary line that runs through Greenwich, England. the circle that divides the earth into the eastern and western hemispheres
- hemisphere
- half of a shpere as in the earth\'s northern and southern hemisphere
- continent
- the largest main landmasses of the globe
- equator
- the imaginary great circle around the earth\'s surface at the widest point. 0 degrees latitude.
- climate
- the average weather a place has over a period of 20 to 30 years
- weather
- temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure of a place
- elavation
- height above sea level
- interdependence
- countries depending on eachother for stuff
- diffusion
- the movement of customs or ideas from one place to another
- globalization
- the condept of companies or ideas that spread world wide causing countries to become more interconnected
- stereotype
- judgement about someone of a certain group
- assimilation
- minority group adopting majority group customs
- ethnocentrism
- the belief in the superiority of one\'s own ethnic group or culture
- racism
- belief that one racial group is superior to another
- colonialism
- governing of a dependent country
- imperialism
- the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries
- decolonization
- allow a colony to be independent
- nationalism
- patriotism on steroids
- industrialization
- when a country builds factories to mass produce
- natural resources
- the natural wealth of a country, supplied by nature
- landlocked
- country completely surrounded by land
- culture
- way of life
- custom
- rules of behavior of a certain culture
- standard of living
- how well you live
- infrastructure
- basic services needed for the functioning of a society
- trade
- exchanging of things
- tariff
- a government tax on imports
- demographics
- data pertainging to the characteristics of human populations
- anthropologist
- study of humans
- ritual
- practice of something regularly
- rite of passage
- a ceremony performed to show status
- westernization
- adoption of western culture
- diversity
- diverse different
- uniformity
- uniform, or same
- indigenous
- something originally from an area
- economic diversity
- producing various kinds of crops or goods
- modernization
- goals of becoming modernized
- cash crop
- any crop that is easy to sell
- life expectancy
- # of years a person is expected to live
- infant mortality
- # of infant deaths in the first year of life
- literacy rate
- % of people who can read over 15
- substance farming
- farming that provides for farmers
- genocide
- exterminating a certain group of people
- interahamwe
- young hutu extremists to carry out genocide
- hutu
- most of population of Rwanda. gained power
- tutsi
- 15% of Rwanda population
- desert
- area that lacks water and is sandy
- desertification
- the transformation of usable land into desert
- militia
- body of citizens (not military)
- coup (koo)
- change of government by force
- dictatorship
- absolute power to ruler
- refugees
- a group of people escaping harm
- UN united Nations
- an international group of natios that promise to preserve world peace and to cooperate in solving global, social, and economic problems
- apartheid
- legally sanctioned system of racial segregation
- sanction
- penalty placed on country for breaking international law
- democracy
- government by people
- inland
- land away from coast
- coastline
- land next to sea
- arid
- without moisture
- mosaic
- a picture made by pressing glass into surface
- prophet
- a person who speaks for god
- sacred
- something worthy of respect
- sabbath
- a special day of rest
- fasting
- a period of time when someone gives up something important
- alms
- donations given to the poor
- sect
- group seperate from larger religious groups
- shiite muslim
- second largest sect of islamic faith
- sunni muslim
- largest sect of islamic faith
- palestine
- an ancient country in the middle east
- israel
- a country established by UN in 1948
- zionism
- a jewish movement in late 19th century
- allies
- nations joined together for common cause
- partition
- a separation of something into different parts
- ottoman empire
- a large and powerful empire ruled by a sultan in 1299-1922
- secular
- rejecting al signs of religion from public life
- theocracy
- government ruled by religious authority
- oil concessions
- gives up oil reserves for fixed amount of money
- cartel
- countries acting together to control the supply of goods
- OPEC
- the orginization of petroleum exporting countries
- fundamentalism
- religious or political guidelines taken literally
- taliban
- a strict islamic group that took over the government of Afghanistan in 1996
- al-qaeda
- international islamic fundamentalist campaign
- revolution
- when government is overthrown
- propaganda
- information for promoting a cause
- race
- refers to someone\'s skin
- ethnicity
- refers to person\'s cultural heritage
- metizo
- person of mixed racial ancestry
- mulatto
- a person of mixed ancestry
- population density
- # of people living per unit of an area
- social classes
- a rank in order of status
- landforms
- features on earths surface
- plateau
- flat area of land that is higher than surrounding land
- archipelago
- a large group of chain of islands
- peninsula
- land surrounded by water on three sides
- plains
- flat lands
- tributary
- stream to larger stream
- inca
- a south american indian culture
- maya
- and indigenous culture inhabiting southeast mexico, guatemala, and belize
- aztec
- indigenous culture in central mexico
- conquistadores
- spanish conquerors of foreign lands in colonial times
- birthright
- a right a person is entitled by birth
- citizenship
- the status given to a legal member of a country, it involves rights, duties, and priviledges
- naturalization
- becoming a citizen of a country you weren\'t born in
- jurisdiction
- the power to exercise authority
- rainforest
- a tropical forest
- deforestation
- process of ruining forest
- habitat
- the natural elements
- tropical climate
- warm all year