Hinduism (Exam 1) Practice
Terms
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- Advaita-Vedanta
- subsystem of Vedanta-Sutra developed by Sankara; says that Brahman is the ultimate reality, and the material universe is just Maya
- Agni
- earthly deity, considered to be most powerful earthly force; symbol of fire
- Arjuna
- One of the five brothers in the Bhagavad-Gita, hesitates before battle and talks to Krsna who says he must fulfill his duty; realizes Krsna is incarnate of Vishnu
- Aryan
- nomadic barbarians that originated in Russia, conquered the Dravidians
- asana
- “postures”; third stage of Classical Yoga
- Atharva-veda
- fourth of the four vedas; dealt with religious matters for the 4th social class (laborers); distinguished between sophisticated religion (formal) and folk religion (narratives, spells, omens)
- atman
- soul; also Brahman
- Bhagavad-Gita
- most famous and widespread section of the Mahabharata, which is one of the significant Hindu epics
- bhakti
- “devotion”
- Bhakti-yoga
- Yoga of Devotion; highest form of yoga, much like practices found in churches where people give themselves up wholly to receive moksa
- Brahma
- creator god of the Trimurti; source and seed of all things
- Brahman
- atman; the absolute power of the whole universe and is identical with the spirit of human beings
- brahmin
- priests; the second class in the class system
- Caitanya
- man who developed Bhakti yoga
- Darsanas
- philosophical systems; “seeing / to see”
- dharma
- “duty” in terms of social class
- Dravidians
- civilization rich in culture, but were conquered by the Aryans; some fled to the south and became Tamils, those left became the laboring class in the new class system
- Dvaita-Vedanta
- developed by Madhva; theory that Brahman+Universe=God; (Dual)
- Gandhi
-
one of the founding fathers of the modern Indian state; He often stated his values were simple, drawn from traditional Hindu beliefs: truth (satya),
and non-violence (ahimsa) - guru
- "learned one"; an expert at something
- Harappa
- one of the ancient cities that the Dravidians originated from
- Indra
- vedic god of rain and thunder; chief atmosphere deity
- Isvara
- “lord”
- Jñana-Yoga
- discipline of knowledge; training of the mind
- kalpa
- one cycle of samsara
- karma
- “actions”; determines what someone will be reborn as
- Karma-yoga
- act in conscience with your dharma; found in the Bhagava-gita
- Krsna
- ArjunaÂ’s charioteer
- ksatriya
- “warriors”; first of the four social classes
- Madhva
- developed Dvaita-Vedanta; lived around 1200 AD
- Mahabharata
- a significant Hindu epic; contains Bhagavad-Gita
- Mohenjo-Daro
- one of the ancient cities that the Dravidians originated from
- moksa
- salvation; the ultimate experience; escape from samsara
- Patanjali
- wrote the steps of classical yoga
- Ramakrishna
- extremely influential and liked teachers of Hinduism; was admired by Ghandi; many paths to one God
- Ramanuja
- developed Visista-Advaita-Vedanta; thought Maya was the overwhelming power of god; suggests Bhakti-yoga; lived from 1020-1140 AD
- Ramayana
- a significant Hindu epic
- Rg-veda
- first of four vedas; contains 1028 hymns
- rsi
- “sages”; preached about what they read from the scriptures
- Sama-veda
- second of four vedas; re-arranged the Rg-Veda for chanting
- samadhi
- “absorption” in ultimate reality; what happens to get moksa
- Sankara
- developed Advaita-Vedanta; lived 788-820 AD; suggests Jñana yoga
- Sankhya
- one of the 6 darsanas
- samsara
- the cycle of creation and destruction of the universe
- Siva
- destroyer god of the Trimurti
- Soma
- narcotic juice made from mushrooms
- sudra
- the laboring class, the fourth of the four social classes
- Upanisad
- same as Vedanta(s)
- vaisya
- merchants, the third of the four social classes
- Varuna
- chief heavenly deity
- Vayu
- wind god; wind controls all other earth elements
- Vedas
- scriptures of Hinduism; “to know intuitively”
- Vedanta
- the end of the vedas; explains or concludes the wisdom from the Vedas; written around 800 to 400 BC
- Visistad-Avaita-Vedanta
-
developed by Ramanuja around
1020-1140AD; (Qualified Non-Dualistic); says that Maya is the
overwhelming power of God - Visnu
- sustainer god of the Trimurti; god from whose belly button grew a flower containing Brahma and Siva; when the world is in trouble, and incarnation of him comes down to help
- Yajur-Veda
- third of four vedas; about sacrifice
- yoga
- “discipline”; a practice to get Moksa