Ancient History 2
Terms
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- „l Lugal
- elected during a secular crisis, Dictator
-  Heinrich Schliemann
- German merchant interested in Homer, goes searching and finds Troy and AgamemnonÂ’s palace in 1870Â’s, loved the story of Troy, found
- Sir Arthur Evans
- finds the Palace at Knossos in 1908, by searching for some rare “milk stones” only found at one place, used story of Minos for excavation in Crete
- Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon
- finds tomb of Pharaoh Tutankamon, room full of gold, thought a missing tomb must be with TutÂ’s estate and they found it
- „« Philology
- The study of languages
- „X Rosetta Stone
- helped decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics, 3 languages: sandskrit, Greek, and Egyptian hieroglyphics, translated 1799-1822
- Core Culture
- Africa, South America, Great Britain
- Flake Culture
- Asia, Burma, North America
- The Copper-Stone Age
- 3600-2800 BC
- The Ziggurat
-
religious center, physical/geographic town center „³ easier to defend
„l Level 1: Temple ¡V interaction between Earthly and Heavenly
„l Level 2: Abode ¡V housing for priests, providings for gods
„l Level 3: Granery/Storage ¡V things of value protected, safe from floods
„l Level 4: Foundation ¡V solid, protection from flood
„l Made of colored brick and colored clay or dyes - The Early Bronze Age
- 2800-2000BC
- Sargon the Great
- First to Unite Sumer and Akkad, lasted 150 years, 2400-2250. Brought Akkadian into culture, and secularism.
- Old Kingdom Egypt
- 2800-2000BC, Egypt's golden age
- Vizier
- Trusted helper of pharaoh, appointed by pharaoh
- „X Sineferou
- Built first real pyramid
- The Middle Bronze Age
-
2000-1600 BC
„« Akkadians -> replaced by Babylonians/Amorites
„« Egypt -> Middle Kingdom
„« Crete and Aegeans -> Minoans - Ruling tribe of Sumer/Mesopotamia from 2000-1600BC?
-
„« Amorites ruling tribe
„X Indo-Europeans on migration
„X Semitic ¡V among 1st to form Egypt
„« Build Babylon
„« Hammurabi - Middle Kingdom Egypyt
- 2000-1800BC
- „X Mentuhotep
-
„l 2040-1990 BC
„l 50 year rule ¡V had peace with nobility
„l brought peace + stability = prosperity
„l pharaoh NOT godlike - „X Amonhotep III
-
„l 1840-1796 BC
„l named after new god Amon ¡V close to Re
„l internal improvements
„l had the Fayum built „³ Lake Moeris - „« Hittites came from _______ across __________
- Ukraine/Balck Sea
- Mursilis
-
„X 3rd Great King of the Hittites
„X +/- 1600 BC
„X gets greedy, but has advantages of horses and iron
„X brought down Hammurabi with men on horseback
„X conquered Babylonian empire - Imperial Bronze Age
- 1600-1200BC
- Collapse of the Bronze Age
- 1200-900BC
- „« Syria and Palestine during collaps of Bronze Age
-
„X Between Egyptians and Hittites
„X Crossroads culture
„X Protected by sea and mountains
„X Commercialism
„X Canaanites
„l Descendants of Indo-European migrates
„l Free to govern themselves
„l Turn into Phoenicians, Arameans, and Hebrews - „X Saul (1020-1000 BC)
-
„l Judges ¡V tribal, military, religious leaders
„l 1st King of ¡§Nation¡¨
„l appointed when Philistines attacked Israelites „³ emergency forces leadership
„l Philistines ¡V ¡§giants¡¨, warlike, bigger by proof from Israelites - „l Solomon the Wise
- 950 - old testament in Aramaic
- Wadi Tumilat
- Connects Red Sea and Nile
-  Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC)
-
 Greatest king of Chaldeans
 Rebuilds Babylon
 Builds walls surrounding- “The Ishtar Gate,” “The Sacred Way”
 Hanging gardens- ancient wonder of world
≈ build for wife who missed mountain homeland
 Interested in literature
 Left the science to the priests
 ignored military
 conquered by Persians - ¡Ö From _______ the Athenians watch Athens burned
- Salamis
-  Po River Valley (Garden of Eden)
-
Settled by Etruscans:≈ Fertile land, perfect climate
≈ Fought over by all major powers to come
≈ Protection from mountains (Alps and Apennines)
≈ Protection from sea on East
≈ Livestock flourishes
≈ Material wellbeing
≈ Vitelia= land of cattle(Roman)- Italy
 700-600: Alps to Naples- control of Adriatic
 Ancestors of Romans
 Proof of civilization in artwork in underground tombs
≈ Secular, lavish art
≈ Leisure depicted, picture of life at that time- comfort and wealth
 First civilization with large middle class
 Safety, peace, great abundance - Ephebic Oath
- Serve City, Citizens, and then the Gods
- „X Pindar from ___, Sappho from _____.
- Thebes/Lesbos