trad final study 2
Terms
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- Sahul
- Australia, 4 hot topics. How colonized?
- Cuddie Springs
- Grinding stones, stone tool with blood residue found next to animal diroptadon
- Malakunanja
- Grinding
- Coastal Hypothesis
- Travel down coast in boats
- Monte Verde
- Chile, oldest accepted site
- Clovis
- Human that spread across North America
- Pleistocene Overkill
- Probably was due to climate shift, but in Australia since it’s separated it’s possible to wipe them out
- Stellmoor
- Advanced arrow making in Germany
- Mount Sandal
- Circular huts—Sendary people
- Domestication
-
A process- not event
Species are less fit, probably not deliberate - Horticulture
-
Management of wild plants
“Shoo!â€, basic basic - Seed Crop Cultivation
- Planting seeds, pure strangs, unnatural and risky, concentration on most productive species
- Vegeculture
- Planting or grafting cuttings, more complex, several species together, more natural bc plants growing amongst others
- Animal Domestication
- Inc. freq, outside range, young males+ old females, morpho changes (horns size), females limiting factor
- Ali Kosh
- Absolutely have domesticated sheep/goat
- Hallan Cerni
- Pigs
- Sedentism
- More population, need more calories, more dietary stress, more disease and violence
- Surplus
- Higher pop, competition, theft and specialists
- Jerico
- Had huge walls and tower (that face in? vigilantes?)
- Abu Hureya
- Wild wheat and barely (outside of range)
- Ain Mahalla
- Have sickleblades, so they had food production, sedentary
- Wadi Kubanniya
- Lil creek of nile, only source of water, 20kya more rain, animal and people come here, grinding stones pop up, then 12.5kya things change and violent flood and wetlands go away, people stuck
- Jebel Sahaba
- Cemetery, 40% died violently (warefate?)
- Zengpiyan
- Domes, pig, dog, chickens, domes animal b4 plants, pottery b4 plants
- Pengtoushan
- Domesticated rice
- Peligang
- Domesticated millet
- Kuk
-
(new guinea)
Domesticated pigs, pure vegeculture system, on island, irrigation channels so water drains down, fields on raised mound - Mesoamerica
- Mexico and Central America
- Guila Naquitz (Mexico)
- Domesticated squash, potentially domesticated maize
- Tehuacan Valley
- Mexico, arid, well preserved, no wild teosinte, maize is fully domesticated here and out of range (brought in)
- Koster
- Koster (Illinois)—Gathering pigweed, goosefoot, sunflowers, after a while they may be domesticated
- Cahokia (St. Loius)
- Public archi, 20-30k ppl, specialists, elite burial, contact from Mesoamerica, full
- Snaketown (South AZ)
- Platform mounds (for elites?), used irrigation, lots of stuff from mexico
- The Ball Game
- Hard rubber ball, it could kill you, military/political activity, sacrificed winning/losing team sometimes/both, burials show social organization
- Tres Ventanas
- Can’t tell if there are domesticated potato as old as 10kya, unlikely domesticated potato at 4kya
- Guitarrero Cave
- Few beans AMS dated 2.6ky, most plants not
- Ayacucho Cave
- Domesticated cotton
- Complex Societies
- Cities, Centralized economy, elite controlling class, long distance trade, public/monumental architecture, standardized record keeping
- Service’s progression
- Bands, Tribes,Chiefdoms, Empires
- Mortuary Cult
- Grave goods are universal, poor vs rich areas, head to south facing west, feet were pots with ashes and burned bones, head were bots filled with scented fat
- Ubaid Period
- Has satilite farming villages that feed small but densely packed cities. Mudbrick mounds w/ temples ontop, social structure, public architecture
- Eridu
- Earliest known stie on south Mesopotamian plain, mentioned by Samarian text as first city to rise after flood, maybe organized religion
- Ur
- Iraq, has ziggarts, richest grave is that of Queen/priestest Puabi. There are other 80 other people who died with clay cup (poisoned?)
- Sumerian
- Used Quneiform, core of sw asian civilization 5kya, sys of writing in clay
- Writing
- Pictograms, Ideograms, Phonograms, Alphabets
- Upper/Lower Egypt
- Nile flows south to north, so lower Egypt is at north, upper is down south
- Hierankonpolis
- Funerary settlement, exists for honoring and burying dead, lots of dif in grave goods, upper egypt
- Merimde
- Domes pig & sheep-goat, horsehoe shaped houses, shows social organization, 125 burials
- Ziggaruts
- Step pyramids
- Paracas
- Peru during Chavin period, famous for burials (textiles people buried in)
- Moche
- Has own style of art, had anthropometric (made stuff looking like people, has MOCHE VALLEY (2 pyramids, Huaca de luna, del sol)
- Chavin de Huantar
- Large site in mountains, Center for Chavin Cult, the special effects place
- Sipan
- Most famous site for moche art, prized by collectors, most made by gold
- El Paraiso
- Earliest U SHAPED ceremonial center, snuff trays
- Paquime
- Near mexico us boarder, mudbrick house, complex maze of houses 3-4 stories tall, ball court, running water
- Harrapan Society
- First cmplx society in Indus valley, full scale agricul, went from small villages to BOOm cities, very organizaed, sewer, massive
- Mohenjodaro
- Pakastan, enormous, 77% of strucs are houses, egalitarian, mound of great bath
- Heritage
- Talk about heritage in terms of things
- UNESCO
- United Nations Educations, Scientics, and Cultural Organization
- NAGPRA
- Native American Graves Protection and Repartition Act. Covers human remains, associated funerary objects, unassociated funerary objects, sacred objects, objects of cultural patrimony
- Kennewick Man
- Set of human remains found in Washington. Big fuck up