Audit - Chapter 6
Terms
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- Define Managerial Conflicts
- Frequent significant clashes, fights and sharp disagreements between the administrators of an enterprise that distorts its operations and detracts the achievement of its goals.
- Two Major Types of Managerial Conflicts
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1. Conflicts of Interest
2. Personality Conflicts - Major Symptons of Managerial Conflicts
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Clashes and fights
Poor operating results
Opposition to good ideas
High rate of absenteeism
High turnover
Litigations
Inability to achieve goals
Poor quality of work life (QWL)
Delays in decision making
Lagging productivity & persisting losses - Major Causes of Managerial Conflicts
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Limited financial resources
Inefficient organization structure
Inefficient operating policies and practices
Poor operating systems
Conflicts of interest
Personality conflicts
Poor communication
Poor training
Managerial incompetence
Unethical practices - Major Solutions of Managerial Conflicts
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Change the organization structure, policies and operating systems of an enterprise.
Improve interpersonal relationships
Avoid the causes of them
Cope with them
Form committees to deal with them
Conduct management meetings
Provide adequate managerial training
Terminate sources of conflicts
Prompt corrective courses of action
Use force whenever required - Steps to audit management conflicts (4)
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1 – Look for symptoms of conflicts
2 – Identify the major causes in an ent.
3 – Survey the standards of conflict mgmt that the ent has
4 – report findings to concerned - Goals of financial operations (10)
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Match revs and exps
Maintain good credit score
Proper pricing of products
Max profit and operational efficiency
Achievement of general management goals
Compliance with govt rules and regs
Exercise internal controls
Financial troubleshooting
Meet goals
Reporting - Importance of financial controls (7)
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Safeguard the financials resources
Wise-guide mgmt decisions
Ensure successful performance, existence, and expansion
Protect financial interests
Strengthen the national economy
Endow social security and welfare
Provide political influence and stability - Areas of auditing financial operations
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Org structure
Controls
Budgeting
Financing
Cash
Credit
Billing
Collecting
Disbursement
Tax
Insurance
f/s
acct records
source documents
communication skills - Functions of EDP / MIS (many)
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Administer the EDP department
Formulate plans, policies, and procedures
Select hardware
Select software
Prepare computer programs
Staffing
Training
Set operational procedures
Record input data
Data processing
Print output data
Data storage
Error detection and collection
Controlling edp activities
reporting - Goals of EDP / MIS (2)
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Increase the operating efficiency
Wise-guide management decisions - Importance of EDP / MIS (2)
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Successful achievement of enterprises GOALS.
Increasing the PROFITABILITY rate - Common misconcepts of computers (5)
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More computers leads to FEWER JOBS
Computers get work done FASTER
Computers make ERRORS
Computers ELIMINATE or reduce FRAUD
Computers provide ACCURATE and reliable information - Major EDP problems (5)
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Inefficient programming
Inadequate scheduling
Idle capacity (computers not used)
High operating costs (old computers)
Vulnerability to fraud - Functions of Int’l Operations
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Exporting
Importing
Manufacturing - Types of Enterprises involved in Int’l Operations (2)
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Int’l Corporations (IC’s)
Multi-National Corporations (MNC’s) - Types of Int’l Operations (5)
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Licensing Agmts
Mgmt Contracts
Branches
Partnerships
Representations - Factors affecting Int’l Operations (9)
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Culture
Cultural communications
Cultural changes
Social changes
Demographics
Product acceptance
Currency exchange rates
Economic situation
Political situation - Define Culture
- Cultural characteristics of specific people in a given period of time or civilization
- Characteristics of Culture (10)
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Religion
Language
Belief
Customs
Habits
Laws
Moral values
Capabilities
Morals
Arts - Cross cultural variations in non-verbal communications
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Time
Friendship
Things
Etiquette
Space
Agreements
Symbols - Define subculture
- A segment of a culture that shares distinguished patterns of behavior
- Characteristics of subculture
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Members of the sub are part of the whole
Most of the sub behaviors coincide with the whole
Subculture is based on Age, Race, Religion, Nationality, etc.
A subculture has the same nature and impact of a culture. - Main factors leading to changes in cultural values
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Technological Changes
Conflicts between existing cultural values (eating, religious)
Exposure to other cultural values (reading, watching, internet)
Dramatic events (earthquakes) - Name five areas where International Operations have a drastic impact.
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Mgmt decision making
Consumer behavior
Sales volume
Earning capabilities
Degree of business success or failure - Define Cross-cultural Behavior Marketing Strategy
- A consumer driven marketing strategy that aims to diversify the production and marketing activities of an enterprise as to accommodate the perception and requirements of different cultures in order to achieve its competition goals.
- Implementation Requirement for Cross-cultural Behavior Marketing Strategy
- Requires flexibility in diversifying product specifications and marketing efforts as to accommodate the impact of cross cultural variations in order to achieve its competition goals.
- Examples Cross-cultural Behavior Marketing Strategy (2)
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Barbie
AMEX (Charge cards, not credit cards) - Define demographics
- Different types of statistics implying a wide variety of information describing the population of a specific nation. Quantitative and qualitative description.
- Classifications of major types if demographics (4)
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Population Size
Population Age Structure
Population Geographic Distribution
Population Main Characteristics - Four steps to auditing International Operations
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1 Determine the nature, scope, and major types of int’l operations
2 Verify the compliance of the international operations with the requirements of all major factors that affect its performance.
3 Survey and evaluate the productivity and profitability of the Int’l Oper.
4 Report on recommendations to concerned parties.