History - Chapter 9 - Islam Became a Powerful Force (IMPORTANT: Read card set de

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

Who married Scheherezade?: the sultan Schariar
Arabian Nights is also known as: Thousand and One Nights
Where does the phrase "Open Sesame" appear?: in "The History of Ali Baba" of Arabian Nights
Where did Muslim civilization begin?: Arabia
The peninsula Arabia lays south of what?: Fertile Crescent
What were the nomadic herders of Arabia called?: Arabs, or Bedouins
Who ruled a bedouin tribe?: a sheik
What was the port on the Red Sea called?: Jiddah
What does the word "Islam" mean?: submission to the will of God
Where and when was Muhammad born?: Mecca, about 570
How old was he when he was orphaned, and with whom did he spend his childhood?: 6; grandfather and uncle
True or false: Muhammad was illiterate.: TRUE
Most pre-Muhammad Arabs were ---, or believers in many gods.: polytheists
Muhammad was a believer in the sect called the ---.: Hanif
Who did the Hanif believe they descended from?: Abraham, leader of the Hebrews
Who ordered Muhammad to preach, according to tradition, and what is God referred to as?: archangel Gabriel; Allah
How old was he?: 40
True or false: Mecca's rulers accepted Muhammad almost immediately.: FALSE
Mecca's merchants profited from the pilgrims who came to the ---. What is it called, and what did it hold?: Ka'ba; statues of many gods
The rulers persecuted Muhammad because he threatened: pilgrimage and merchant's livelihood
Where did Muhammad's followers go when they were persecuted in Mecca?: Medina
What was Muhammad's migration to Medina called?: hijra ("migration")
Muhammad returned to Mecca as the leader of what?: an army
Muhammad destroyed the ---.: idols in the Ka'ba
Most of Arabia had accepted Islam because: The fall of Mecca led people to believe that he was a powerful prophet; he converted many bedouins
When did Muhammad die?: 632
What is a central belief of Islam?: there is no god but God and Muhammad is his prophet
What is the holy book of Islam called? What does it mean?: Qur'an; "recital"
The Qur'an presents God's ordinances and teaching as revealed to: Muhammad
True or false: Islam accepts Jesus as a prophet.: TRUE
True or false: Muhammad disrespected Christians and Jews, and did not accept the Bible or Torah as God's revelations.: FALSE
What is the common language for Muslims in religion, law, and literature?: Arabic
What are the five important obligations called?: The Pillars of Faith
What does pillar 1 say to accept?: There is no god but God and Muhammad is his prophet
What does pillar 2 command?: Worship 5 times a day facing Mecca, the holy city of Islam
What is pillar 3?: Give alms (money or food) to the needy
What does pillar 4 command?: Fast (go without food or drink) from first light to sunset during the 9th month, Ramadan.
Why is Ramadan sacred?: It was the month in which Muhammad received God's revelations through Gabriel
What does pillar 5 say?: If possible, make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your life
Islam requires and emphasizes the virtues of: temperance, humility, justice, generosity, tolerance, obedience to the law, and courage
Muslims are not allowed to drink --- or eat ---.: alcoholic beverages; pork
How many wives was a Muslim allowed to have (assuming he was fair to them)?: Up to 4
Could Muslims own slaves?: Yes, assuming they treated them humanely
Muhammad freed his slave --- who was from ---.: Balal; Ethiopia
Balal became a ---, or the person who recited the call to worship: mu'zzin
What is the struggle to defend the faith called?: jihad
Anybody who died in jihad received: God's blessing and salvation in heaven
What is a Muslim place of worship?: a mosque
Images and statues are forbidden from being inside: mosques
Who guides an Islamic service?: any man who is learned in Islamic faith and law
What day mentioned in the book are Muslims called to pray at noon?: Friday
Women are required to pray at: home, or in a special section of the mosque
Who was called to be Muhammad's successor, and what was his relation to Muhammad?: Abu Bakr; father-in-law
What is the Arabic term for "successor to the prophet?": caliph
Who was caliph after Abu Bakr?: Umar
Abu Bakr and Umar made policies aimed towards: conquering land ruled by non-Muslims
When did many conquests occur?: 600s
What did conquered peoples have to do?: either convert or pay annual tribute
True or false: Those who kept their religion and paid taxes still could not hold government office.: TRUE
Name places where Islam spread.: Arabia, Palestine, Syria, Armenia, Mesopotamia, Persia, parts of India, and all of North Africa
What was the European invading tribe that converted to Islam?: Berbers
Who was the general of the Berbers who led a conquest against the Visigoths in Spain?: Tariq
What is the rock called that guards the strait between Africa and Europe?: Jabal Tariq (Mountain of Tariq) or Gibraltar
Muslims crossed what mountain range to enter into France?: Pyrenes
What were Muslims of Spain called?: Moors
Who defeated the Moors in the town of Tours?: Franks
How long was Spain under Moors' rule?: over 700 years
What American author traveled through Spain in the 1800s?: Washington Irving
What book did he write about Islamic Spain?: The Alhambra
Where did he visit in province of --- in southern Spain?: the palace of the Moorish kings of Granada
NOT A QUESTION: Study chart on page 208 to learn about the world's religions.: NOT A QUESTION: Study chart on page 208 to learn about the world's religions.
Who believes that the only intermediary between believers and God was the Qur'an?: Sunnis
Who believes that a person, not the Qur'an, was the intermediary between God and believers, and that religious leaders should be political as well?: Shi'is
What was this person called, and what authority did he have?: imam; spiritual and secular authority
Can the Qur'an contain errors?: No, it is the word of God directly given to Muhammad
What are Muslim mystics called?: sufis
What did the sufis claim?: they could talk to God directly because of an inner knowledge
What was the one reality for the sufi?: that one reality is God, and faith in God is the only mark of a person's quality
Two of the most imporant Islamic cities were: Baghdad and Cordova
What is Muslim territory organized into?: provinces
The Muslim epire split because of a disagreement over: succession of caliph rule
What were the divisions of the empire called, and where were they located?: caliphates; Baghdad, Cairo, Cordova
The demands of trade increased: manufacturing
Name 5 goods the empire produced.: silk, cotton, linen textiles, tapestries, carpets
Name 3 things in great demand. Name 5 materials used in metal-made products.: jewelry, perfumes, spices; gold, silver, steel, brass, copper
Where were world-famous swords made?: Damascus, Syria and Toledo, Spain
Where were many artisans from who produced leather goods?: Tangier in North Africa and Cordova in Spain

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 87