World History Unit VII Test
Truly handy study guide which covers the Age of Exploration and Post-Reformation Europe.
Terms
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- The Spaniards' most lethal weapon used against the Aztecs
- Disease
- Built the first great civilization in the Western Hemisphere
- The Mayas
- Made the first Spanish landing on the North American mainland, discovered Florida, was in search of the fountain of youth
- Ponce de Leon
- A movement that used torture and terror to obtain confessions of heresy from its Protestant victims
- Inquisition
- Modern-day country in which Ferdinand Magellan died
- The Philippines
- Three important factors that stood in Columbus' way of going west to the Orient.
- Portugal refused to fund him, N. and S. America were in his way, and his calculated distance to Asia was wrong
- First Protestant confession of faith written by Philip Melanchthon
- Augsberg Confession
- Began to explore and conquer the new world in hopes of bring glory to Spain and spreading Catholicism
- Spanish Conquistadors
- Explored the coast of California
- Juan Cabrillo
- Capital city of the Aztec civilization
- Tenochtitlan
- A series of laws which established many Protestant doctrines which helped grow the English Church
- Elizabethan Settlement
- First modern explorer to reach the North American mainland
- John Cabot
- Water route through North America to the Pacific
- Northwest Passage
- Reaffirmed the traditional Romanist doctrines one by one while specifically denying the Biblical teachings of the Protestant Reformation, called by the Pope and met for several sessions
- Council of Trent
- Discovered the St. Lawrence River in Canada
- Jacques Cartier
- Established a navigational school that promoted Portuguese navigation and exploration of distant lands
- Prince Henry the Navigator
- How did Luther respond to the peasants? Nobles?
- He recognized the peasants' hardships and implored them to be patient and asked the nobles to give the peasants some room to breathe
- How did the nobles and peasants respond to Luther's advice to them?
- They didn't listen
- What two things did the English Reformation accomplish?
- England completely severed ties with the Catholic church and Protestantism was established in England
- Crossed the isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean
- Vasco de Balboa
- Explored the eastern coast of North America from North Carolina to Nova Scotia
- Giovanni de Verrazano
- What did certain peasants give to Luther in an attempt to receive his support?
- A list of their grievances
- Portuguese sailor who landed in Brazil and began Portugal's empire in the New World
- Pedro Cabral
- What two things did the Peace of Augsburg mix together and what did it produce throughout Germany and Europe?
- Church and state; cold, formal Protestant churches
- What did Columbus call the natives upon arrival in the New World? Why?
- Indians; he thought he had landed in the West Indies
- How did the invention of the printing press aid the Age of Exploration?
- New books on geography, navigation, and the feats of explorers became available, allowing many people to be informed of the great discoveries being made
- What was one of the major objectives of the Age of Exploration?
- Finding a sea route to the Far East so that the middle men were cut out
- Responsible for commanding the English navy and defeating the Spanish navy in 1588
- Sir Francis Drake
- Italian merchant during the Middle Ages who wrote a book describing his travels in Asia, and China particularly
- Marco Polo
- Realized that Columbus had discovered a new world after making four voyages to it
- Amerigo Vespucci
- God allowed America/the New World to remain hidden until the dawning of what age?
- The Modern Age
- What three important results followed the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
- The Battle marked the gradual decline of Spain as a world power, marked the rise of England as a world power, and paved the way for an English-Protestant North America, particularly on the east coast
- Who was the first native tribe that Columbus encountered?
- Arawaks
- Conquered the Incas of Peru
- Francisco Pizarro
- Portuguese explorer who became the first European to reach the Far East by sea
- Vasco de Gama
- An agreement in which each prince would decide which religion would be allowed in his territory
- Peace of Augsberg
- The most important Indian civilization in South America; built capital city of Cuzco
- The Incas
- What three important things did Magellan's voyage prove?
- The correct size of south America, correct distance between the New World and the Orient, finally proved that the world was round
- Responsible for designing and building the English navy
- Sir John Hawkins
- How did Spain become the world's wealthiest and most powerful country in the world by the 16th century?
- Huge quantities of gold and silver from the American territories poured into Spain
- First European to discover the Grand Canyon
- Francisco de Coronado
- What were Hawkins and Drake known as?
- English sea dogs
- Where did Columbus finally land on October 12, 1492?
- San Salvador, Bahamas
- Viking explorer who sailed to America around 1000 AD
- Leif Ericson
- Where did Columbus go for funding and who finally funded him?
- Spain; King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
- First person to circumnavigate the world
- Ferdinand Magellan
- A list of books that Roman Catholics were not allowed to read
- Index of Prohibited Books
- Imaginary line that marks which lands in the New World Portugal and Spain could claim for themselves
- Line of Demarcation
- An attempt to produce certain limited changes within the Roman Church
- Counter-Reformation
- Why did Columbus die an unhappy, unsatisfied man in 1506?
- He didn't get the riches he thought he would get
- Conquered the Aztecs and claimed Mexico for Spain
- Hernando Cortes
- What two important inventions did the Renaissance help bring about?
- Improved compass and astrolabe
- Columbus became the governor of what colony?
- Santo Domingo
- What aspects of English society flourished during the Tudor era of English history?
- Art, literature, trade, technology, education
- How did Luther's actions affect many peasants in Germany?
- Many were converted and their new spiritual freedom lifted their hopes for a better life
- Discovered the Mississippi River
- Hernando de Soto
- How did Columbus differ from the established ideas of his day in regards to traveling to the Orient?
- He wanted to find a shorter route to the Orient by traveling west