History Midterm 2
Terms
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- 1013 BC(E)
- Monarchy - Saul, David, Solomon
- 930 BC(E)
- Division into 10 tribes
- 722 BC(E)
- Northern Kingdom falls to the Assyrians
- nirvana
- non-existence, snuffed candle
- 586 BC(E)
- Babylonian exile
- Darsana
- seeing
- 538 BC(E)
- Restoration
- Mata
- opinion, thought, doctrine
- 168 BC(E)
- Maccabees
- Yoga
- uniting
- 70 AD
- Temple Destroyed
- Samasara
- doctrine of the transmigration of the soul through rebirth
- 100 AD
- Hebrew scriptures finalized
- Assyrians
-
1350-612 BC(E)
*612-Fall of Ninevah - Persia - Cyrus
- 559-530 BC(E)
- Persia - Darius the Great
- 522-486 BC(E)
- Persia - Xerxes
- 486-465 BC(E)
- 2500 BC(E)
- Emergence point of Chinese civilization
- Dharma
- law of universe; it just is, spiritual and physical, the way things should be
- Xia Dynasty
- 2205-1766 BC(E)
- Karma
- how far you deviate from said ideals, can be bad & good
- Shang Dynasty
- 1766-1122 BC(E)
- Castes
-
-Brahman
-Kshatriya
-Vaishyas
-Shadras
-Panchamas - Western Zhou Dynasty
- 1122-771 BC(E)
- Brahman
- priestly
- Easter Zhou Dynasty
- 771-221 BC(E)
- Kshatriya
- warriors and nobles
- Era of Warring States
- 445-221 BC(E)
- Vaishyas
- peasants and tradesmen
- Feudalism
-
-decentralized sys. of power
-based on personal promises and obligations
-Mandate of Heaven (t'ien) - Confucius
- 551-479 BC(E)
- Shadra
- commoners and servants
- Mengzi
-
-372-289 BC(E)
-spread confucianism
-2 doctrines:
*rulers should provide for welfare of people
*human nature is intrinsically good - Panchamas
- untouchables
- Daoism
- -imp. of balance (Yin-Yang)
- Demos
- the people
- Legalism
- -philosophical sys. of gov.
- Classical period
- 500-388 BC(E)
- Shi Huangdi
-
-221-206 BC(E)
-standardized chinese writing, bureacracy, scholarship, law, currency and weights and measures
-Famous tomb with terra cotta soldiers etc - 1000 yrs of Rome
-
-1st 500 = Republic
-2nd 500 = Empire - Early Han
- 206 BC(E)-8 AD(BCE)
- Wang Mang
- 8-23 AD(BCE)
- Later Han
- 23-220 AD(BCE)
- Neanderthal Man
-
*Named for Neanderthal Valley in Germany where their remains were first found in 1856.
*200,000-40,000 yrs ago - Paleolithic period (Old Stone Age)
-
1.)First used bits of stone for tasks.
2.)Fashioning-prep. of a tool.
3.)Standardization-making implements according to set tradition. - Paleolithic
- is a culture, not a chronological term.
- Mehrgarh
- 7000-2600 BC(E)
- Çatal Hüyük
-
-"forked mound"
-contains pottery, woven textiles, mudbrick houses, shrines honoring a mother goddess and plastered walls decorated with murals and carved reliefs. - Neolithic period (New Stone Age)
-
-Became a food-producing entity
-developments in tool-making etc, spread to Egypt and Europe - Mohenjo-Daro
-
-10 cities constructed on one site
-people lived outside city (Indian caste system?) - agency
- how much control you have and you do with it
- Indus Valley Script
-
-mostly seals
-hasn't been deciphered - 1400 BC(E)
- treaty between Hittite Kind Subiluliuma and the Mitannia king
- Rigveda
- hymns, prayers and rituals
- yajurveda
- instructions for priests
- Samaveda
- ritual formulas
- Hittites
-
*Indo-european
*1st iron smelters
*Created empire in Anatolia - Atharveda
- magic spells
- Battle of Kadesh
-
-1300 BC(E)
-between Egypt and the Hittites
-Bronze Age vs. Iron Age - Upanishads
-
-800-600 BC(E)
-prose treatises: life is evil, want to escape - Sumer Civilization
- 3500-2300 BC(E)
- Akkadians
- 2350-2000 BC(E)
- Sargon of Akkad
-
2370-2315 BC(E)
*very successful ruler who was reputed to care greatly about lower class - Third Dynasty of Ur
- 2150-2000 BC(E)
- Instability
- 2000-1800 BC(E)
- Babylon
- 1800-1550 BC(E)
- Hammurabie (Babylon)
- 1792-1750 BC(E)
- Egyptian Civilization
-
-Nile v. predictable and reg.
-Gods more benevolent
-main institution was Pharaoh (an incarnation of god) and gods - Two Kingdoms
- 3500-3000 BC(E)
- 1250 BC(E)
- Exodus
- Old Kingdoms
- 2700-2200 BC(E)
- Middle Kingdoms
- 2000-1800 BC(E)
- Moska
- liberation from reincarnation
- New Kingdom
- 1570-1200 BC(E)
- Menes
-
ca. 3100 BC(E)
-first egyptian pharaoh
-united upper and lower Egypt - Hyksos
-
ca. 1720 BC(E)
-"rulers of foreign lands"
-migrated and established a trade - Akkenaton
-
1363-47 BC(E)
-briefly converted Egypt to monotheism with the worship of Aton
-changed name from Amenhotep IV - Tutankhamen
-
1347-38 BC(E)
-9 yrs. old
-re-established the polytheism and the worship of Amon - Chandragupta (Maurya)
-
-Conquered northern India
-Created very efficient administrative system. - The Gupta Empire was run by whom?
-
-Chandra Gupta I
-Samudra Gupta
-Chandra Gupta II - Philip II
-
-Father of Alex. the Great
-Defeated and annexed Greece in to get help in war with Persia - sophrosyne
-
moderation, self control
(opposite of hubris) - Plato beleived:
-
-there is no essential differenc b/w men & women=>they're educated equally, and had same opportunities, etc.
-private property is selfish - Aristotle beleived:
-
-"doctrine of the mean"
-two kinds of vitrue, intellectual and moral - Alexander the Great
-
-Defeated Persian Empire & became king of it as well as Greece & Macedonia
-marched troops as far as from Egypt into India before turning back
-died from fever illness in 323 B.C. - oligarchy
- "governed by the few"
- aristocracy
- "governed by the best"
- polis
- city-state
- acropolis
- high fortified site inside city-state
- Chinggis Khan (Ghengis)
-
-seized Turkestan & Afghanistan and invaded Persia
-"Oceanic Ruler"
-1206 - 1227 A.D. - Kublai Khan
- Ruled China and established the Yuan Dynasty
- Gaius Marius (107 B.C.)
-
-Crushed Germanic threat in Gaul
-Created new army system with landless professional soldiers - Pompey (70 B.C.)
- -defeated by Julias Caeser in Pharsalus in 48 B.C.
- Octavian
- Shared power with Marc Antony whom he later fought and defeated for full power in 30 B.C.
- Pax Romana
- "Roman Peace"
- umma
- "community" - aka a part of the Muslim umma
- Hijra
- Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina
- jihad
- "struggle"
- hadith
- "reports of sayings and activities of Muhammad"
- sunna
- "custom or practice of the Prophet"
- caliph
- "first successor" - aka. Abu Bakr became Muhammad's caliph as the head of the Islamic umma