Chap. 1 Test World History I
Terms
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- What are the basic unit of society?
- families
- What is Prehistory?
- before writing
- anthropolgists
- study hominids
- archeologists
- study artifacts
- paleoclimatologists
- study climate
- artifact
- object made by humans
- fossil
- evidence of organic life preserved in rock
- radiocarbon dating
- measure age of organic matter by calculating the amount of C14
- how did scientists measure the age of a fossil before radiocarbon dating
- what level of rock found in
- Who discovered Lucy?
- Dr. Donald c. Johanson
- australopithicus
- "southern ape"
- australopithicus means
- "southern ape"
- characteristics of australopithicus
-
pre-human
3.5-4 ft. tall
small brain
large teeth - Where was Lucy found?
- Hadar, Ethiopia
- What type was Lucy?
- Australopithicus
- Which Species developed limited speech?
- Homo Habilis
- Which Species developed crude stone tools?
- Home habils
- Which Species gathered and scavenged for food?
- Homo habilis
- Which Species developed fire?
- Homo Erectus
- Which Species developed language?
- homo erectus
- Which Species invented spear points?
- neanderthal
- Which Species had caves with drainage ditches as shelters?
- neanderthal
- Which Species first started to care for weaker members of the comunity?
- neanderthal
- Which Species first had pottery?
- Cro-Magnen
- Which Species did cave paintings?
- Cro-Magnens
- Who were the first people to migrate?
- Homo erectus
- uses of fire
-
cooking
warmth
protection
comunication
light - Which Species had dvision of laber by gender?
- Homo erectus
- Did neanderthals beleive in Life after death? How do we know?
- buried with spear points and stuff
- Which Species were most like modern humans?
- Cro-Magnens
- what were the uses of art?
-
religous
passing on knowlage - What tools did the Cro-Magnens have?
- Knife, chizel, ax, fishooks, needles
- The develope of agriculture is called
- The Neolithic revilution
- revolution
- a change when things afterward never are the same
- causes of Neolithic revolution
-
climate change
population growth
hunting more dificult - how was domestication useful?
-
food
wool - textiles
protection - dogs - What do you need to trade?
- an exess of something
- Where were civilization started?
-
along rivers-
Huang He
Indus
Nile
Tigris-Euphrates - stages of irriation
-
1.carried water
2.ditches
3.cannals, resovoirs, dams - How was irrigation helpful?
- could grow more crops
- what made long-distance trade possible?
- Wheel, sail + rudder
- Charateristics of civilization
-
social classes
cities center of trade
complex institutions
a system of writing
advanced technology - Why cities made government
- to organize big projects
- Sumarian writing
- cunea forms
- cunea means
- wedge shape
- Bronze is made with
- copper + tin
- Why was bronze valuble?
-
sharper and harder
hard to find - Why did people develope creation myths
-
morality
Good triuphs over evil - what is a zigerat
- sumarian temple
- hominids
- humans & human-like cretures
- What is Lucy?
-
40% of a skeleton
the most complete skeleton of a pre human on 2 legs - Homo means
- "man" in Latin
-
3 million years ago the climate changed
How did it change and how did hominida adapt? -
cooler & drier
more powerful teeth and larger brains - Homo habilis means
- "person with ability"
- Homo erectus means
- "person who walks upright"
- Homo sapien means
- "person who thinks"
- what were the ice ages?
- 4 long periods where average temps. were below freezing
- how were land bridges created?
- oceans dropped
- culture
- knowlage, language, eating, dress, religion, art, & music of a people
- Traits of Australopithicus
-
3.5-4 ft.tall
small brain
large teeth
aposable thumbs - achievments of autralopithicus
-
walked upright
carry stuff - traits of Homo habilis
-
larger brains
more powerful teeth
long arms - achievments of Homo habilis
-
food gathering and scavenging
crude stone tools
limited speech
lived in trees - traits of Homo erectus
-
life expectancy - 20 yrs.
lived in bands of 40-60 - achievemnts of Homo erectus
-
fire
migration
language
lived in caves - traits of neanderthals
-
5.5 ft. tall
stocky
muscular necks and sholders
thick bones - achievements of neanderthals
-
planned burials
care for weaker members
free-standing shelters - traits of cro-magnons
-
looked like modern humans
DNA almost identical - achievements of cro-magnons
-
lots of tools
cave paintings
canoes
pottery - responses of early humans to ice ages
- miration, better shelter, fire, death, clothing, tools + waepons, language
- Neanderthal's main achievement
- free-standing shelters
- largest Neolithic vilage
- Catal Huyuk
- Achievements of neolithic farmers
- irrigation, domestication, plow, sickle, wheel, calendars, fertilizer
- what did trade lead to?
-
jobs involving trade
written records
system of measurements
cultural diffusion - What did domesticaton lead to?
- concept of ownership
- economic changes in town life
-
agriculture
new technology
irrigation
domestication
diferent crafts
bartering - social changed of town life
-
simple government
concept of ownership - economic changes of cities
-
specialized workers
trade - social changes of cities
-
complicated government
complicated religion
system of writing - Types of paleolithic art
-
cave paintings
clay figures - problems of neolithic vilagers
-
raiders
natural disasters
disease - features of Catal Huyuk houses
-
flat roofs
shared walls
mud bricks
walked on walls
no windows
murals on inside of walls - crops in the Middle east
- wheat & barley
- crop in SE Asia
- rice
- crop in the Americas
- corn
- crops in Africa
- bananas & yams
- crop in S Amaerica
- potatoes
- how did farming make life easier
-
steady food supply
could stay longer in one place - where was Jericho
- in the modern West Bank
- what was Jericho?
- one of the earliest neolithic vilages
- where was Catal Huyuk?
- in modern Turkey
- how did neolithic farmers fertilize feilds
- ashes, fish, manure
- civilization
- complex society
- root of civilization
- Latin civitas meaning "city"
- economy
- the ways in which people use their envirnment to meet their needs
- artisans
- workers skilled in a craft
- a mixture of metsals ia called a(n)
- alloy
- cultural diffusion
- the exchange of goods & ideas
- who was in the ruling class?
- Government laeders, military officials, priests
- Layout of city
-
center - importantr buildings
next - residents of ruling class
next - merchants houses
next - shops and homes of artisans
outskirts - farmers, sailors, & fishermen homes - how did writing start
- preists records
- myths
- traditional stories explaining how the world was formed
- Where was Sumar?
- the Tigris-Euphrates river vally
- sumarian creation myth
- 2 gods, married & had kids, kids overthrew them, used bodies to make earth & sky & clay to make people
- Sumarian creator
- Marduk
- Sumarian mother godess
- Tiamat
- Sumarian father god
- Apsu