AP Mod Vocab 5 2
Terms
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- Parliamentary document that restricted the king's power. Most notably, it called for recognition of the writ of habeas corpus and held that only Parliament could impose taxes.
- Petition of Right
- The St. Petersburg, or Petrograd, council of workers, soldiers, and intellectuals who shared power with the provisional government in 1917
- Petrograd Soviet
- Son and successor to Charles V, ruling Spain and the Low Countries
- Philip II
- Social critics of the eighteenth century who subjected social institutions and practices to the test of reason and critical analysis
- Philosophes
- Conqueror of Peru, 1532-1533
- Francisco Pizarro
- The holding of several benefices, or church offices
- Pluralism
- British legislation that restricted the number of poverty-stricken eligible for aid
- Poor Law of 1834
- The July-August 1945 meeting of Truman, Stalin, and Clement Atlee of Great Britain, at which disagreements arose over the permanent borders of Germany and free elections in East European countries. Stalin refused to hold free elections, in fear of anti-S
- Potsdam conference
- The liberal reforms introduced by Alexander Dubcek, the Czechoslovak Communist Party secretary. On August 20, 1968, twenty thousand troops from the Soviet Union and its satellite countries occupied Prague to undo the reforms
- Prague Spring
- The temporary gov't established after the abdication of Nicholas II, from March until Lenin's takeover in November 1917
- Provisional gov't
- Head of the bloody peasant revolt in 1773 that convinced Catherine the Great to throw her support to the nobles and cease internal reforms
- Puritan Revolution
- Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization
- Puritans
- A forcible and illegitimate attempt to seize power
- Putsch
- Organization, made up of Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia, to preserve the peace settlement of 1815; France joined in 1818
- Quadruple Alliance
- An uneducated Siberian preacher (nicknamed _________, the "Degenerate") who claimed to have mysterious healing powers. He could stop the bleeding of Czarina Alexandra's son - possibly through hypnosis - and was thus able to gain influence in th
- Rasputin
- The application and use of reason in understanding and explaining events
- Rationalism
- The "politics of reality," i.e., the use of practical means to achieve political ends. Bismarck was a practitioner
- Realpolitik
- A terrorist group committed to radical political and social change that claimed responsibility for the assassination of former Italian premier Aldo Moro in 1978
- Red Brigade
- The Bolshevik armed forces
- Red Guards
- Volunteers in Garibaldi's army
- Red Shirts
- A plebiscite: the referring of a matter to the people for a decision
- Referendum
- Act that allowed the middle class to obtain political influence. It gave the vote to all men in England who paid ten pounds rent a year and it also eliminated the rotten boroughs
- Reform Bill of 1832
- The lower house of the German Diet, or legislature
- Reichstag
- The period from 1400 to 1600 that witnessed the birth and transformation of cultural and intellectual values from primarily Christian to classical or secular ones in northern Italy, and that spread to the rest of Europe
- Renaissance
- Papal encyclical of Leo XIII that upheld the right of private property but criticized the inequities of capitalism. It recommended that Catholics form political parties and trade unions to redress the poverty and insecurity fostered under capitalism
- Rerum Novarum
- The return of the Stuart monarchy after the period of republican gov't under Cromwell which was, in fact, a military dictatorship
- Restoration
- The French desire for revenge against Germany for the loss of Alsace and Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War
- Revanche
- Marxists who believed that workers empowered to vote could obtain their ends through democratic means without revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat, known as revisionism
- Revisionists
- English economist who formulated the "iron law of wages," according to which wages would always remain at the subsistence level for the workers because of the population growth
- David Ricardo
- Italian drive and desire for unity and resurrection of Italian glory of ancient times and the Renaissance
- Risorgimento
- Depopulated areas of England that nevertheless sent represetatives to Parliament. The 1832 Reform Bill abolished them
- Rotten boroughs
- Author of "The Social Contract" and "Emile"
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Organized body for scientific study, founded in the 1600s
- Royal Society of London
- A reference to Parisian workers who wore loose-fitting trousers rather than the tight-fitting breeches worn by aristocratic men
- Sans-culottes
- The Balkan town in the Austro-Hungarian province of Bosnia where Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne
- Sarajevo
- French existentialist most famous for his statement that "existence precedes essence," i.e., first we exist and then our moral decisions and choices shape our character or essence
- Jean-Paul Sartre
- Top-secret German strategy to fight a two-front war against Russia and France during WWI. The idea was to invade neutral Belgium for a quick victory against France, and then direct German forces against a more slowly mobilizing Russia
- Schlieffen Plan
- An internat'l organization set up in 1952 to control and integrate all European coal and steel production; also known as the European Coal and Steel Community
- Schuman Plan
- The Social Democratic Party in Germany, based on Marx's ideology
- SDP
- The emphasis on the here-and-now rather than on the spiritual and otherworldly
- Secularism
- The ability of an ethnic group to decide how it wishes to be governed, as an independent nation or as part of another country
- Self-determination
- The four-month Prussian assault on the French capital after Napoleon III's surrender in 1870
- Siege of Paris
- The selling of church offices
- Simony
- Author of "Wealth of Nations"
- Adam Smith
- The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle
- Social Darwinism
- Russian author of "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich," a novel detailing life in a Stalinist concentration camp
- Alexander Solzhenitsyn
- Left-wing Marxists in Germany who hoped to bring about a proletarian revolution in 1919
- Spartacists
- English philosopher who argued that in the difficult economic struggle for existence, only the "fittest" would survive. This concept is usually termed Social Darwinism
- Herbert Spencer
- Catholic attack on Calvinists on the marriage day of Margaret of Valois to Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV)
- St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
- Russian minister under Nicholas II who encouraged the growth of private farmers and improved education for enterprising peasants
- Peter Stolypin
- German-speaking area of Czechoslovakia, ceded to Germany in the Hitler-Chamberlain Munich meeting (Sept. 1938)
- Sudetenland
- Doctrine of Pope Pius IX that denounced belief in reason and science and attacked "progress, liberalism, and modern civilization"
- Syllabus of Errors