9th Grade S.S. Greece Test
Terms
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- Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy
- What 3 types of political structures require a clos-knit community?
- free, male (citizen)
- In Athens, what did a person have to be to be able to participate in the democracy?
- 10 years
- How long was the Trojan War?
- by controlling local production and commercial trade
- How did warrior-kings win wealth?
- Persian Wars
- a series of wars in the 5th century B.C., in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire
- Proposed laws and counseled the assembly (members chosen at random)
- What did the Council of Five Hundred do?
- monarchy
- ruled by a king, born into kind (oldest son)
- Minoans (2000 B.C), Mycenaen (1600-1200 B.C.), Dorians (1150-750 B.C. [Bronze Age]), City-states (600 B.C. and on)
- What is the timeline of the rulers of Greece?
- Good: not as much fighting (decisions made by one person), faster decisions Bad:born into (not as qualified), bias
- What is good and bad about a Monarchy?
- worked in mines, farmed fields, and did house work
- What was the job of the slaves in Athens?
- take care of children, weave cloth, prepare meals, manage the household
- What was the job of women in Athens?
- He is Darius' successor,set fire to Athens
- Who is Xerxes and what did he do to Athens?
- military state
- What was Sparta known to be?
- phalanx
- a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields
- duty, strenght, discipline over: individuality, beauty, freedom.
- What was the main things the the Spartans valued?
- acropolis
- a fortified hilltop in an ancient-Greek city
- Pheidippides
- Who raced back to Athens during the battle of Marathon?
- Persia conquered Ionia, Athens sent ships and soldiers th aid in Ionia, Persian King (darius) defeated the rebels and then vowed to destroy Athens in revenge.
- What happened at Marathon?
- navy (defense, trade, 200 ships), money from government and Delian League
- How did Pericles strengthen the empire?
- Persia invades Greece, Battle of Marathon (phalanx), Battle at Thermopylae (spartan sacrifice), Sparta defeats Persians at Platea, Athens destroys Persian navy at Salamis.
- What is the order of the Persian Wars?
- Macedonia
- just north of Greece, rough mountains and a cold climate
- Part of army, rule land anyway (entitled to run land), more educated (fit to rule)
- How can Nobles justify that they can run the land? (Aristocracy)
- Trojan War
- a war, fought around 12000 B.C., in which an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of troy in Anatolia.
- Council of Five Hundred
- What did Cleisthenes create?
- agora
- public center of polis
- Egypt (center of commerce)
- Where was Alexandria?
- Messenians
- Who did Sparta conquer around 725 B.C.?
- Mycenaen kings and Troy (independent trading city in Anatolia)
- Who was the Trojan War between?
- increased # of paid officials, direct democracy (assembly)
- How did Pericles strengthen democracy?
- outlawed: debt slavery, allowed: all citizens to participate and debate policies, any citizen could bring in charges against wrongdoers
- What did Solon outlaw? What did he allow?
- grains, grapes, olives
- What did the people of Greece eat?
- limited democracy (male citizens), discussion and voting, women had little rights, valued art and knowledge (math, science, etc.), emphasis on individual
- What makes Athens?
- polis
- a Greek city-state------the fundamental plitical unit of ancient Greece after about 750 B.C.
- Iron (more common/ cheaper)
- What replaced bronze in the manufacutre of weapons? Why?
- Ionia
- Where did the Persian Wars begin?
- Dorians
- a Greek-speaking people, that, according to tradition, migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Myceaean civilization
- oligarchy
- a government in which power is in the hands of a few people------especially one in which rule is based upon wealth, power in the hands of a few people
- epics
- long narrative poems celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes
- Some wanted to fight, some didn't
- Why did Greece divide during the Persian War/
- Pisistratus
- Who was one of Athen's first tyrants?
- Darius III
- Persian king, alarmed at Alexander's victories, he tried to negotiate a peace settlement, but Alexander refused.
- 48-80 degrees
- What is the general climate?
- library, museum (scrolls: scientific experiments)
- What did Alexandria contain?
- art
- What was the main thing that Spartans didn't value?
- Militaristic (build character), ruled by assembly and Council of Elders, 2 kings-military, boys trained at age 7 (defend country), help others, discipline, respect, community vs. individual, lacked arts, social order= important
- What makes Sparta?
- myths
- traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society.
- Colossus of Rhodes
- an enormous Hellenistic statue that formerly stood near the harbor of Rhodes
- tyrant
- in ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support
- After 27 years of war, Athens had lost its: empire, power, wealth., general confidence in democratic government began to falter, one leader after another proved weak, corrupt, or traitorous., the assembly often changed jits decisions and did not stick to a single political program, Athens lost
- What are the effects of the Peloponnesian War?
- aristocracy
- a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility, run by a group of nobles (land owners), hereditary
- art (history, legends), democracy, the gods/religion, Appearance (asthetic), strength (physical), mythology, fighter/warriors, trade
- What do the Greeks value?
- helots
- What did the Messenians become?
- Tensions between Athens and Spartahad been building for years, Athens evolved from a limited city-state to a vast naval empire, leaders in Athens and Sparta pressed for war
- What are the causes of the Peloponnesian War?
- Good military leader (learned to ride horses, studen of aristotle: can reason, knows geography), watched his father rule, tisk taker
- Why was Alexander sucessful?
- It collapsed
- What happened to the Mycenaen civilization after the Trojan war?
- Euclid
- Mathmatician: opened a school of geometry, wrote The Elements
- economy collapsed, trade stopped, forgot how to write
- What happened after the Dorians moved in?
- Bought gold, ivory, marble, Built Pathanon (Athena), Statues, buildings, "classical" period, Money from government and Delian League
- How did Pericles glorify Athens?
- military training (at age 7, boys left home and moved into army barracks)
- In Sparta, what did a mans daily life consist of?
- helot
- in the society of ancient Sparta, a peasant bound to the land
- Alexander the Great
- After his father (Philip II) was killed, he immediately proclaimed himself King of Macedonia. He was a prepared leader who was taught by Aristotle. He planned to invade/conquer Persia. He reigneed as unchallenged ruler of southwest Asia. He was more interested in expanding his empire than in governing it.
- Alexandria
- African city, foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization
- Egyptian, Persian, Indian
- What cultures did the Hellenistic culture blend?
- Mountains
- Why was it hard to trade/ transport by land?
- Unemployed farmers and debt-ridden artisans
- Who revolted against the nobles to make the Tyrants gain control?
- Archimedes
- Mathmatician: geometry, physics: Accurately estimated the value of pi, law of the lever, invented: the compund pulley, Archimedes screw, and a catapult
- New sense of confidence and freedom, Athens=leader of an alliance (Delian League), drove Persians from land, Athens began to use its powerful naby to control other league members
- What were the Consequences of the Persian Wars?
- farmers, weavers, goat herders, stonemasons
- What were the main jobs?
- The greek army destroyed Troy because a Trojan youth had kidnapped Helen (beautiful wife of a Greek King)
- What is the legend of the Trojan War?
- Aristarchus: estimated size of sun, earth is round, Eratosthenes: closely calculated earth's size, Archimedes: value of pi, motion displacement, Euclid: geometry
- Who were the main contributers to the science community and what did they do?
- to make Athens a full democracy (by reorganizing the assembly to break up the power of the nobility)
- What did Cleisthenes work to do?
- Mycenaeans
- an Indo-European people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.
- Philip II
- King of Macedonia, he dreamed of first taking control of Greece, then he planned to move against Persia and seize its vast wealth
- Mountainous peninsula jutting out into the mediterranean sea, Agean Sea, Ionina Sea, Black Sea, poor in natural resources (lacked: timber, precious metals, usable farmland)
- What is the geography of Greece?
- Hellenistic
- relating to the civilazation language, art, science, and literature of the Greek world from the reign of Alexander the Great to the late second century B.C.
- strenghthen democracy, strengthen the empire, glorify Athens
- What was Percleses vision for Athens?
- Demosthenes
- the Athenian orato who tried to warn Greece of the threat Philip and his army posed
- start of democracy, mathematics, literature ("classics", myths, legends, plays architecture[parthenon], art [sculpture, pottery], music [modes]), Philosophy (Plato), Army/ Navy, Athens, Western culture "born" in Greece
- Why do westerners admire the Greeks?
- Different thoughts come together, library/ university, tolerance for religion/ unified empire, stability
- What are the factors that contributed to Hellenistic success?
- democracy
- a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representitives
- 3 days, a traitor told the Persians about a secret path around the cliffs
- How long did the Greeks and Persians fight at Thermopylae? Why only this amout?
- 3/4
- How much of the land is covered in mountains?
- managing the family, playing sports
- In Sparta, what did a womans daily life consist of?
- Limited Democracy
- What kind of government did Athen's have?
- 20%
- How much of the land is suitable for farming?