AP Euro Ch 25
Terms
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- October Manifesto
- the result of a great general strike in October 1905, it granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected duma (parliament) with real legislative power.
- Peoples Budget
- proposed after the liberal party came to power in England in 1906 and vetoed by the lords, it was designed to increase spending on social welfare issues.
- Zionism
- movement toward Jewish political nationhood, started by Theodor Herzl.
- Modernization
- the changes that enable a country to compete effectively with the leading countries at a given time.
- Kulturkampf
- struggle for civilization, Bismarks attack on the Catholic church resulting from Pius IXs declaration of papal infallibility in 18
- Bloody Sunday
- massacre of peaceful protesters at Winters Square in St. Petersberg in 1905 that turned ordinary workers against the tsar and produced a wave of general indignation.
- Dreyfus affair
- a divisive case in which Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army was falsely accused and convicted of treason. The Catholic Church sided with the anti-semites against Dreyfus; because of this, the French government severed all ties between the state and church.
- Red Shirts
- guerrilla army of Guiseppe Girabaldi who invaded Sicily in 1860 in an attempt to liberate it and won the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry.
- revolution of 1905
- result of discontent from Russian factory workers and peasants as well as an emerging nationalist sentiment among the empires minorities.
- Homestead Act
- result of the American Civil War that gave western land to settlers, reinforcing the concept of free labor in a market economy.
- Zemstvo
- a new institution of local government in reformed Russia, whose members were elected by a three-class system of towns, peasant villages, and noble landowners.
- Duma
- Russian parliament opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but with absolute veto power from the tsar.
- Reichstag
- the popularly elected lower house of government of the new German Empire after 1871
- Zollverein
- German customs union founded in 1834 to stimulate trade and increase the revenues of member states.