World History
Terms
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- Louis XIV
- an absolute monarch that built up France's internal strength through finance and military, strengthened army and connected france through trades routes, catholic religiion and the capital versailes and foreign expansion during his reign
- caravel
- Ship that allows boat to sail into wind
- Christopher Columbus
- Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
- Rousseau
- (1712-1778) process of civilization and enlightenment had corrupted human nature, evil of the world founded upon uneven distribution of property, real purpose of society was to nurture better people
- Thomas Hobbes
- English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
- Hinduism
- a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a
- Vasco da Gama
- He sailed around the southern tip of Africa. His discovery made it possible for Europeans to reach Asia without overland routes.
- bubonic plague
- 1/3 of all Europe's pop died, spread by rats, brought by sailors to Crimea, work shortage, wages for skilled laborers soared.
- gold/salt trade
- gold from W. Africa to N. Africa and Europe in exchange for salt
- Martin Luther
- a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.
- Spaniards defeated Native Americans with
- muskets and cannons
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- agreement between spain and portugal to explore different lands
- Byzantine
- preserved cultures of ancient Greece and Rom
- Marco Polo
- Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade
- Ferdinand Magellan
- Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain
- Greece
- democracy
- Crusades
- 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade
- Polytheistic religions
- religion in which there is a belief in many gods; egyptians, ancient sumerians, indus valley peoples
- caste system
- a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity, unchanging
- Jacques Cartier
- French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)
- humanism
- the cultural movement of the Renaissance
- Mansa Musa
- ruled Mali from 1312 to 1332; spread interest in Mali as he journied to Mecca
- movable type
- an innovation process never used widely in Asia where any # of characters can be placed in sequence on a surface, inked, and printed.
- Sundiata
- the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes
- cultural diffusion
- the spread of cultural elements from one society to another
- Ancient Egypt
- River Valley civilization- mummification, polytheistic, hieroglyphics, "happy field of food" afterlife
- Neolithic Revolution
- Agricultural Revolution; the major change in human life caused by the beginnings of farming-that is by people's shift from food gathering to food producing
- Buddhism
- a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
- John Calvin
- Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
- Isaac Newton
- English mathematician and physicist
- feudalism
- A system in which land was owned by kings and lords but helped by vassals in return for their loyalty.
- Non-theistic
- belief in no god; Buddhism
- Charles V
- Holy Roman Emperor and Charles I of Spain, tried to keep Europe religiously united
- mercantilism
- policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver
- Romans
- republican form of government
- John Cabot
- Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498)
- separation of powers
- a principle of govt. whereby constitutional authority is shared by 3 separate branches of govt.
- Brazil
- controlled most of Latin America in the 1500s
- Timbuktu
- a city in central Mali near the Niger river
- Monotheistic
- believing that there is only one god; Christianity, Islam, Judaism
- Montesquieu
- French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)
- primary source
- Original records of an event
- mechanical clock, movable type, spinning wheel
- technological advances of the Tang and Song dynasties
- Phillip II
- King of Spain, the New World, and the Netherlands. He sent the Spanish Armada.
- Charles I
- dissolved Parliament, ultimately executed
- John Locke
- English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
- Galileo Galilei
- Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars
- divine right
- belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.
- manor
- The landed estate of a lord or nobleman.
- Constantinople
- the largest city and former capital of Turkey, Bosphorus
- Reformation
- a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
- Sumerian civilization
- River Valley Civilization- social hierarchy, polytheistic, cuneiform, sad afterlife
- guild
- A medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.
- natural rights
- rights that belong to all human beings from birth
- Magna Carta
- the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215
- age of absolutism
- Time period where kings and queens ruled domains with total control over their people.
- Zheng He
- An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. (pp. 355, 422)
- Columbian Exchange
- The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans