Spanish Culture 151 Exam 1
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- The Mayas were from what time period?
- 600 B.C.
- How many Mayas where there at 700 B.C.?
- 1,000,000
- What where the 3 types of victims were used in the human sacrafice (mayas)?
-
1)POW (prisoners of war)
2)Warriors
3)Virgins - What were the Virgins thrown in, and what were the 2 types of em?
-
Cenote
1)Drinking Water
2)Sacrificing Virgins - What buildings did the Mayas build?
-
1) Temples
2) Pyramids
3) Palaces
4) Observatories - what is the Chichen Itza?
- the name of the mayan pyramid
- How many steps are there total on the Chichen Itza?
- 365 (90x90x90x90 + 1)
- What 3 things did they discover without a telescope?
-
1)Equinoxes
2)Solstices
3)Planets - What is Polytheistic mean?
- That they believe in many Gods
- What 4 foods did the mayans eat?
-
1)Corn
2)Beans
3)Chiles
4)Squash - What did the mayans wear and sleep on?
- Wore cotton clothes, sandals, and slept on hammocks
- What 2 math things did the mayans discover?
- The zero and Decimal Point
- What was so special about the mayan 365 day calender?
- They didnt need a leap year
- What type of language did the mayans have?
- Written language
- What was their Hierarchy like?
-
Priest + Nobles =10%
Skilled Laborers
Peasants - Why did the mayan craft art, and what metals did they use?
- They did it for Art sake and they used Gold and Silver for jewerly
- Why did the Mayan empire collapse?
-
1) Solcial Unrest (Peasants vs. Eliets)
2) Population Growth
3) Poor agricultural techniques
a)Slash and burn
b)Didnt rotate crops - Where did the mayans mainly live?
- Yucatan Peninsula, some in guatemala, belice, honduras
- What time period was the Aztecs?
- 600 B.C.
- their highest population was in what year and how many?(aztecs)
- 1519 - 5,500,000
- What were the 4 types crimes that put you on the death penalty?
-
1)murder
2)adultery
3)harvesting unripe corn
4)transvestite - What kind of Society did the Aztecs have?
- socialist--->no private ownership of land
- what ages did both sexes have to get married by?
-
Men-24
Women-18 - What did the Aztecs mainly make?
- Art,Potters,Sandals,Jewrely
- Where did the Aztecs live (current city)?
- Mexico City
- Where did the God's tell them to buil their city?
- On a lake
- What did the aztecs give the United States?
- Chocolate
- What 4 things did the Aztecs Eat?
-
1)chocolate
2)chiles
3)corn
4)beans - What is Moctezuma?
- King
- What is Nahuatl
- Aztec Language
- What type of society did the Aztecs have?
- Well orgaized and they had a heirarchy
- What Spaniard arrived in 1519 and killed the Aztecs?
- Hernan Cortes
- Who did Cortes marry and what role did she have?
- Marina, she was the interpreter
- What is a madonna?
- Whore Complex
- What do you have to be on your wedding night?
- a virgin
- what happened in 1519-1521 to the Aztecs?
- The spaniards surrounded and killed/starved them all
- How long did the Aztecs last as slaves?
- 3-4 years
- What % of aztecs were killed, and what happend to the remaining %?
- 90-95% where killed, the rest where slaves
- What time period did the Incas begin?
- 2500 B.C.
- Where were the Incas located?
- Machupicho
- What Mountains did they live in?
- Andes
- How many People did the Incas have?
- 9,000,000
- What 3 reasons were the Incas Imperialists?
-
1)incorperated cheifs from other tribs
2)imposed their language (Quechua-5/6 indigenous) and religion
3)2500 Mile Empire-complex roads and bridges - What did they practice to the dead? (Incas)
- Mumificationo
- How did the Incas sustain 9,000,000 people?(4 sub-reasons)
-
1)Agriculural
a)irrigation
b)terracing
c)silos + grainaries to store excess food
d)fertilization "guano" - How many Spainiards came in 1531 to defeat the Incas?
- Pizarro and 200 people conquered 9,000,000 people
- Atahuqllpa and Huascar where who?
- they were brothers who wanted the throne
- What was Atahuqllpa's option after being captured?
-
1)Burnt
2)Converted then strangled - What were the 4 ways the 200 Spaniards conquered the 9Million Incas?
-
1)they had horses, the incas didnt know what they were
2)smallpox
3)Internal Division
4)When someone dies on the field thet did rituals - What kind of people wher ethe Incas?
- Very Religios and very good ways of living
- What did Cristobal Colon do in 1492?
- en countered not discovered the new land and called it Hispaniola
- What is current day Hispaniola?
- Haiti and Dominican Republic
- What did King Ferdinan and Queen Isabella do?
- Paid for the CC voyage
- What is the Trinity of motives?
- Gold, God, Glory
- what is encomienda?
- enslavement (6-7 slaves per Spaniard)
- How many people were killed a Day for 20 years?
- 544
- the population went from 4,000,000 to 29,000 in how many years?
- 20
- What did the people have to tribute daily to CC?
- Gold dust
- What 2 things did CC do to the people?
-
1)Slavery
2)Genocide
a)Dogging
b)sword contest
c)gibbets - What was the Papal donation of America?
- Accept the Pope, King, or Queen or die
- What was the results of CC voyage?
-
1) 127,000,000 dead
2) 90-95% killed (1492-1575)
3)Loss of will to survive
a)suicide
b)limited offspring
4)Ecological devistation
5)Cut short the development of brilliant civilization - What year was the 1st slave ship sent from Africa and how many were on it?
- 1505 and 17slaves
- in 1510 what happened?
- Slavery was legalized
- how many slaves were sent over the 144 years?
- 10,591,000
- What type of slaves were sent?
-
1)Rubust Males
2)Males 15-50
3)Pregnant Females - What were the Slave ships called?
- tumbeiros
- What migratory pattern did the slave ships change?
- Sharks
- Indigonous + Black slaves lasted for how many years?
-
Ind-3-4years
Bla-6-7years - What the break down of Africa?
-
Kings
Chiefdoms
Armies
Taxes
Courts of Laws
Marketplace - Why did the Africans take well notes of of their Lineage?
- So they didnt marry into the family
- How did the Africans use their Oral Tradition?
- Literature, riddles, myths, legends, proverbs
- What type of religon did the Africans have? How did they Celebrate?
- Polytheistic, through drums
- What did they do to the African slaves when they were brought to america?
- they were split up fomr their families/tribe members
- 5 Major Slave traders?
- Spanish, French, Portuguese, British, Dutch
- 2 religions did the Africans have?
- voodoo and santeria