Ancient Greece
Terms
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- Peloponnesian War
- War between Sparta and Greece
- Tyranny
- a government in which a single ruler is vested with absolute power
- Herodotus
- 484 B.C.-425 B.C. the first Greek writer who succeeded in writing a large-scale historical narrative that has survived the passage of time
- Ephors
- one of a body of five elected magistrates exercising a supervisory power over the kings of Sparta
- Minoans
- ancient Cretan culture representing a stage in the development of the Aegean civilization
- Aristocracy
- government by a ruling class
- Hoplite
- a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece
- Plato
- 428 B.C.-347 B.C. founded the Academy, one of the great philosophical schools of antiquity. His thought had enormous impact on the development of Western philosophy
- Athens
- the capital and largest city of Greece; it was at the height of its cultural achievements and imperial power in the fifth century B.C.
- Pericles
- 495B.C.-429 B.C. the leading statesman of Athens for an unprecedented period and brought it to the height of its political power and its artistic achievement
- Mycenaeans
- an ancient Greek city in the northeast Peloponnesus that flourished during the Bronze Age; Captures the Minoans
- Hellenistic Age
- the period between the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC) and the conquest of Egypt by Rome (30 BC)
- Hellenic Culture
- the specific artifacts of the ancients as well as the ideas and ideals of democracy, beauty and balance.
- Socrates
- 469 B.C.-399 B.C. Greek philosopher and logician; an important formative influence on Plato and had a profound effect on ancient philosophy
- Persian Wars
- 492 B.C.-449 B.C. series of wars between Greek states and Persia, particularly two invasions of Greece by Persia
- Homer
- the man who, according to legend, wrote the two great epics of Greek history: the Iliad and the Odyssey
- Dorian Invasions
- one of a Hellenic people that invaded Greece around 1100 B.C. and remained culturally and linguistically distinct within the Greek world
- Delian League
- confederacy of ancient Greek states led by Athens and based on the island of Delos
- Monarchy
- government by a monarch (King)
- Acropolis
- the fortified height or citadel of an ancient Greek city
- Pisistratus
- 560 B.C.-527 B.C. Athenian tyrant remembered for encouraging athletic contests and literary efforts
- Helots
- the serfs of Sparta
- Aristotle
- 384 B.C.-322 B.C. Greek philosopher and scientist; all knowledge of his time into a coherent whole which served as the basis for much of the science and philosophy of Hellenistic and Roman times and even affected medieval science and philosophy
- Polis
- city-state
- Democracy
- government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives
- Cleisthenes
- 600 B.C.-570 B.C. tyrant of Sicyon; taken a leading part in the Sacred War
- Sparta
- a city-state in southeast Peloponnesus; it was noted for its militarism and reached the height of its power in the sixth century B.C.
- Thucydides
- 460 B.C.-401 B.C. the greatest ancient historian, he is in a real sense the creator of modern historiography
- Ostracism
- in Athens and other cities of ancient Greece, the temporary banishment by popular vote of a citizen considered dangerous to the state
- Archon
- one of the nine principal magistrates of ancient Athens
- Solon
- the Greek statesman and poet Solon (active 594 B.C.) formulated an influential code of laws and has been regarded as the founder of Athenian democracy
- Alexander the Great
- 336B.C.-323 B.C. Emperor; the greatest military commander of the ancient world
- Oligarchy
- government by a few, especially by a small faction of persons or families
- Phalanx
- classical Greek infantry customarily fought in columns for shock encounters, head-on against a similarly arrayed enemy