DSM terms
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- affect
- pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of a subjectively experienced state (emotion). Examples: sadness, elation, anger. "weather" vs "climate."
- mood
- more pevasive and sustained emotional "climate."
- blunted affect
- significant reduction in intensity of emotional expression
- flat affect
- absence or near-absence of of any signs of affective expression
- inappropriate affect
- discordance between affective expression and content of speech or ideation
- labile
- abnormal variability in affect with repeated, rapid, and abrupt shifts in affective expression
- restricted or constricted affect
- mild reduction in the renge and intensity of emotional expression
- agnoistic medication
- a chemical entity extrinsic to endrogenously produced substances that acts on a receptor and is capable of producing the maximal effect that can be produced by stimulating that receptor
- partial antagonist
- capable only of producing less than the maximal effect even when given in a concentration sufficient to bind with all available receptors.
- alogia
- impoverished thinking inferred from observing speech and language behavior; may include poverty of speech and/or poverty of content
- poverty of speech
- brief, concrete replies to questions and restriction in the amount of spontaneous speech
- poverty of content
- speech that is adequate in amount but conveys little information because it is overconcrete, over-abstract, repetitive or stereotyped.
- anterograde amnesia
- loss of memory of events that occur after the onset of the etiological condition or event
- retrograde amnesia
- loss of memory of events that occurred before the onset of the etiological condition or agent
- antagonistic medication
- a chemical entity extrinsic to endogenously produced substances that occupies a receptor, produces no physiological effects, and prevents endogenous and exogenous chemicals from producing an effect on that receptor.
- aphasia
- impairment in understanding or transmission of ideas by language in any form - reading, writing, or speaking- that is due to injury or disease of the brain centers involved in language
- aphonia
- inability to produce speech sounds that require the use of the larnyx that is not due to a lesion in the CNS.
- ataxia
- partial or complete loss of coordination of voluntary muscular movement.
- anxiety
- apprehensive anticipation of future danger or misfortune accompanied by a feeling of dysphoria or somatic symptoms of tension.
- avolition
- an inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities. When pathologically severe, it is pervasive and prevents one from completing many different types of activities.
- catelepsy
- waxy flexibility - rigid maintenance of a body position over an extended period of time
- cataplexy
- episodes of sudden bi-lateral loss of muscle tone resulting in one collapsing, often in association with intense emotions such as laughter, anger, fear, or surprise
- catatonic behavior
- marked motor abnormalities including motor immobility (e.g. catalepsy or stupor), certain types of excessive motor activity (apparently purposeless agitation not influenced by external stimuli), extreme negativism (apparent motiveless resistance to instructions or attempts to be moved) or mutism, posturing, or stereotyped movements, and echolalias or echopraxia.
- echolalia
- pathological, parrotlike, and apparently senseless repetition of a word or phase just spoken by another person
- echopraxia
- repetition by imitation of the movements of another; the action is not a willed or voluntary one and has a semiautomatic and uncontrollable quality
- conversion symptom
- loss of, or alteration in, voluntary motor or sensory functioning suggesting a neurological or general medical condition. Psychological factors are judged to be associated with the development of the symptom and the symptom is not fully explained by a neurological or general medical condition or the direct effects of a substance. The symptom is not intentionally produced or feigned and is not culturally sanctioned.
- bizarre delusion
- delusion that involves a phenomenon that the person's culture would regard as totally implausible
- depersonalization
- alteration in the perception or experience of the self so that one feels detached from, as if one is an outside observer of, one'e mental processes or body
- derailment
- "loosening of associations" pattern of speech in which a person's ideas slip off one track onto another that is completely or only obliquely related. In moving from one sentence or clause to another, the person shifts the topic idiosyncratically from one frame of reference to another, and things may be said in juxtaposition that lack a meaningful relationship. The disturbance occurs BETWEEN clauses, in contracst to incoherence, which occurs within clauses.
- derealization
- an alteration in the perception or experience of the external world so that it seems strange or unreal (e.g. people may seem unfamiliar or mechanical)
- dissociation
- disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. Disturbance may be sudden or gradual, transient or chronic.
- dysarthria
- imperfet articulation of speech due to disturbance of muscular control
- dyskinesia
- distortion of voluntary movements with involuntary muscular activity
- dyssomnia
- primary disorders of sleep or wakefulness characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia as the major presenting symptom. Disorders of the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.
- dystonia
- disordered tonicity of muscles
- flight of ideas
- a nearly continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic that are usually based on understandable associations, distracting stimuli, or plays on words. When severe, speech may be disorganized and incoherent
- gender dysphoria
- persistent aversion toward some or all of those physical characteristics or social roles that connote one's own biological sex.
- gender identity
- person's inner conviction of being male or female
- gender role
- attitudes, patterns of behavior, and personality attributes defined by the culture in which the person lives as sterotypically "masculine" or "feminine" social roles.
- grandiosity
- inflated appraisal of one's worth, power, knowledge, importance, or identity. when extreme, may be delusional
- hypnagogic
- while falling asleep
- hypnogogic
- when awakening
- auditory hallucination
- involves perception of sound, typically voices. often considered hallucinatory only when heard outside the he head; DSM does not discriminate between whether the source is inside or outside the head.
- most common tactile hallucination
- sensation of electric shock and formication (the sensation of something creeping or crawling on or under the skin).
- hyperacusis
- painful sensitivity to sound
- types of insomnia
-
initial
middle
teminal - dysphoric mood
- unpleasant mood, such as sadness, anxiety, or irritability
- elevated mood
- exaggerated feeling of well-being, or euphoria or elation.
- euthymic mood
- mood in the "normal" range; implies absence of depressed or elevated mood
- expansive mood
- lack of restraint in expressing one's feelings, frequently with overvaluation of one's significance or importance
- parasomnia
- abnormal behavior or physiological events occcurring during sleep or sleep-wake transition
- pressured speech
- speecj that is increased in amount, accelerated, and difficult or impossible to interrupt. Usually is also lound and emphatic. Frequently the person talks without any social stimulation and may continue to talk even though no one is listening.
- stereotyped movements
- repetitive, seemingly driven, and nonfunctional motor behaviors
- stupor
- state of unresponsiveness with immobility and mutism
- synesthesia
- a condition in which a sensory experience associated with one modality occurs when another modality is stimulated. For example, a sound produces the sensation of a particular color.
- transsexualistm
- severe gender dysphoria, coupled with a persistent desire for the physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex
- tic
- involuntary, sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrythmic, sterotyped motor movement or vocalization