Clinical Assisting Test 1
Terms
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- Contamination
- presence of any microorganism (common)
- Infection
- colonization of bugs (less common and not necessarily damaging)
- Pathogen
- infectious disease agent
- Virulence
- ability to cause infection and damage
- Dose
- number of cells of a contaminant
- Two types of resistance
-
innate
acquired - 3 types of innate resistance
-
physical (skin, mucous memb)
mechanincal (secretions, cilia)
chemical (stomach acid) - type of acquired resistance
- cell-mediated (antibodies)
- Immunity
- being able to resist a particular disease, esp through preventing dev. of a pathogenic microorganism
- Sanitization
-
physical cleaning to reduce the quantity of microbes and bioburden
done before sterilization/disinfection
(disinfectants and paper towels on surfaces, soap and brush on instruments, ultrasonic on instruments) - Sterilization
- destruction of all microbial forms
- 3 types of sterilization
-
heat (most common
filtration
radiation - Disinfection
-
destruction of pathogenic microbes (infectious disease agents)
*doesn't destroy spores and certain resistant microorganisms
*target for cubical preparation - High-level disinfectant
-
destroys all microbial life
also called chemical "sterilants" - Intermidiate-level disinfectant
-
Used for disinfecting dental operatory surfaces
destroys mycobacterium tuberculosis, viruses, fungi, vegetative bacteria - Low level disinfectant
-
Used on floors and walls
kills some viruses and fungi - Tuberculocidal
- kills mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Asepsis
-
condition in which infective material is absent
(after disinfectant occurs) - antiseptics
- Used on living tissue to work against bad organisms: alcohol coagulates the protein in bacteria
- Critical items
- pierce the skin or mucosa and need sterilization
- Semi-critical items
- non sharp items that enter the oral cavity and need sterilization
- Non-critical items
- don't enter the oral cavity, but may be touched, require disinfection (counter, chair,etc)
- Source
- infected individual
- Infection requirements:
-
susceptible host
sufficient no of pathogen
portal of entry - Modes of transmission
-
direct
indirect
droplet
inhalation - Stages of an infectious disease
-
incubation
prodromal
acute
convalescent - Incubation
- initial entrance to first symptoms
- Prodromal
- appearance of early symptoms
- Acute
- greatest amount of symptoms
- convalescent
- recovery
- 3 ways to control microbial growth
-
bacteriostatic
bactericidal
removal - Bacteriostatic
- inhibition of growth
- Bactericidal
- killing microorganisms