Bio Chap 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- anything that occupies space
- Matter
- The quantity of matter an object has
- Mass
- The simplest particle of an element
- Atom
- The central core of an atom
- Nucleus
- positive electrical charge
- Proton
- has no electrical charge
- Neutron
- the number of protons in an atom
- Atomic Number
- negarively charged particles
- Electrons
- combining in way that cause their atoms to become stable
- Chemical Reactions
- a pure substance that is made up of atoms of two or more elments
- Compound
- attachments
- Bonds
- forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
- Covalent bond
- the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of the substance and that can exist in a free state
- Molecule
- an atom or molecule with an electrical charge
- Ion
- when postive and negative electrical charges attract each other
- Ionic Bond
- the ability to do work or cause change
- energy
- the enery in a system that is available for work
- free energy
- a compound or action invloved in a chemical reaction
- reactant
- a compound formed from a chemical reaction
- products
- involve a net release of free energy
- exergonic reactions
- involve a net absoption of free energy
- endergonic reactions
- the amount of enery needed to start the reaction
- activation energy
- reduces the amount of activation energy that is needed for a reaction
- catalysts
- an important class of catalysts in living things
- enzymes
- the reaction in where electrons are transferred between atoms
- redox reactions
- a reactant loses one or more electrons becoming more positively charged
- oxidation reaction
- a reactant gains one or more electrons becoming more negativley charged
- reduction reaction
- where one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance
- solution
- is the substance dissolved in the solution
- solute
- the substance in which the solvent is dissloved
- solvent
- is the substance in which the solute is dissolved
- solvent
- the measurment of the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of the solution
- concentration
- is one in which no more solute can dissolve
- saturated solution
- solutions in which water is the solvent
- aqueous solutions
- the breaking apart of water molecule into two ions of opposite charge
- dissociation
- the number of hydronium ions in a solution is greater than the number of hydroxide ions
- acid
- the solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions
- base
- comparison of relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions
- pH scale
- are chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution
- buffers
- is the atom number of protons plus the number of neutons in the nucleus of the atom
- mass number
- different varities of the same atom
- isotopes
- is the breakdown of unstable isotope to an isotope of another element with the relase of radiation
- radioactivity
- contains carbon and hydrogen
- organic compound
- those compounds that do not contain carbon or hydrogen
- inorganic compound
- a physical rather than chemical association of substances
- mixture
- a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which one substances dissolves in another one (transparent)
- solution
- a mixture in which particles larger than those in a solution are suspended in another medium (cloudy)
- suspension
- shares some characteristics of solutions and suspensions the particles are larger. the particles do not settle out
- colloid