Screening and Therapeutic Processes
Terms
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- Name 3 basic principles that underlie the concept of basic intervention
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1. Therapy should occur in a realistic situation
2. Individually oriented-interesting to the client
3. Should show consistent success thru all stages (start/end with something they can do).
4. Therapy is geared one step up from the client's level. - Define stimulability
- The degree to which a client can approximate the correct production of an error pattern on imitation.
- Name 3 major factors that determine the progression of the therapy sequence (and example).
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1. Stimulus type: cards, objects, drawings.
2. Task mode: pointing to a picture, or saying the word by imitation or prompt.
3. Response level: Degree of difficulty of target response. - What is Normative Strategy vs. Client Specific Strategy?
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Normative: follows a normal developmental sequence (most effective).
Client specific: Therapy is specified for that individual at any age, for whatever their needs are. - What is branching?
- Increasing or decreasing the difficulty of a task by one step.
- What are the factors that influence generalization?
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Stimuli
Physical environment
Audience - What is the fundamental purpose of intervention?
- To increase the desired behavior and decrease the undesired behavior.
- Name the 2 basic types of reinforcement.
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Positive:
Primary-food
Secondary-smiling, eye contact, social reinforcers
Negative:
Avoidance or escape - Type I and Type II punishment
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Type I: Saying "No"
Type II: Time-out or response cost. - Punishment should be presented...
- immediately and consistently.
- Name 4 teaching strategies and give examples.
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1. Direct modeling-used the most to establish new behavior. You say a word, and the client repeats the word.
2. Indirect modeling-demonstrate the desired behavior frequently.
3. Shaping by successive approximation-behavior is broken down into small components and taught in increasing difficulty.
4. Prompts-add'l verbal or non-verbal cues to get a correct response. - What is PL-142?
- Education of All Handicapped Children Act: all children ages 3-21 yrs with special needs receive a free and appropriate public education.
- What is PL99-457?
- Act to extend a free and appropriate public education to children with special needs between birth to 3 yrs.
- What is a functional articulation disorder?
- Speech production errors in the absence of any identifiable etiology.
- What is an Organic articulation disorder?
- The disorder has a structural or neurological etiology. Use the non-developmental approach.
- What significant speech problem is associated with cleft palate?
- VPI, or hypernasal speech.
- What is DVD?
- Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia: a motor planning disorder with reduced ability to voluntarily sequence movements of the articulators. It shows resistance to remediation.
- Give 3 phonological processes
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Gliding
Fronting
Stopping - Give 5 components of language and 2 examples of each
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Semantics: meaning
Morphology: word struction, endings
Syntax: word order
Pragmatics: word use/social skills
Phonology: word sounds, rules for combining sounds - What is communicative intention?
- The meaning that a speaker wished a message to convey.
- What is the critical transition between 3rd and 4th grades about?
- From learning to read to reading to learn.
- Language intervention with adolescent (10-18 yrs)is concentrated on:
- developing communication skills for personal-social and vocational purposes.
- What are some potential problems in working with adolescents?
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1.Resistence to dependent relationships
2.Reject the idea of being flawed or different - IEP
- Individualized Educational Plan: to identify specific areas of remediation.
- What is the purpose of the Treatment Resource Manual?
- To provide a practical guide to intervention.
- What are the 3 main components of the behavioral objective in an IEP?
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1. Do statement: point, name
2. Condition: spontaneously
3. Criterion: with 90% accuracy - IFSP
- Individualized Family Service Plan: for 0-3 yrs.
- Give a 2-step command
- stand up and jump on one foot.