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Acute Inflammation

Terms

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Vascular Permeability due to
mediated (chemical response), non mediated (necrosis of endothelium from toxins and physical agents)
Abscess
mass of necrotic tissue, with dead and viable neutrophils, suspended in the fluid products of tissue breakdown brought about by neutrophil enzymes
Lipoxygenase pathway produce
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 which causes vasoconstriction and increase permeability in venules
Functio Laesa
Loss of function
Fluid component function
dilute/buffer toxins, diffusion of mediators, immunoglobulins
Kinins
peptide derived from plasma protein, activated by hageman factor, cleaves prekallikrein to kallikrein which stimulates kininogen to from bradykinin, mediate increase vascular permeability, cause pain and activates complement system
Composition of acute inflammatory exudate
fluid, fibrin, polymorphs, macrophage, lymphocyte
A2, thromboxane
aggregate platelets and causes vascular constriction
Plasmin
actiave hageman factor, complement system, lyses fibrin
Critical step in activation of endothelium
expression of cell adhesion molecules
C3a
liberate histamine
Cytokines
cell adhesion, prostacyclin synthesis, PAF synthesis, acute phase protein synthesis by liver, stimulation of fibroblast, neutrophil attraction
nitric oxide
mediate cell/bacterial killing, vascular dilation
Chronic abscess
fibrosis around actue abscess
C3b
opsonises bacteria
Acute abscess
scarring
Hageman factor activated
in contact with collagen
PGI2, prostacyclin
inhibits platelet aggregation, dilates vessels
Why do macrophage outlive neutrophils
oxidative metabolism
Weal
zone of oedema due to fluid exudation
LTB4
leucocyte adhesion
PAF
vasoconstriction, increase vascular permeability, platelet aggregation,stimulate synthesis of arachidonic acid
Dolor
Pain
Neutrophil Polymorphs originate from
Myeloid precursors
Tumour
Swelling
Vascular events
dilatation of vessels, loss of axial flow,formation of inflammatory exudate
C345
chemotactic for neutrophils
Prostaglandins and leukotrines derived from
arachidonic acid
C5a
liberate histamine,, chemotactic to neutrophils, induce endothelial cell adhesion molecules
3 Composition of Exudate
serous, purulent, fibrinous
Chemokines
secreted by leukocytes and endothelial cells. Bind locally to extracelluoar matrix and heparin sulphate proteoglycans
Stable prostaglandins, PGE2,PGF2alpha,PGD2
vasodilation, increase vascular permeability
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines
remove chemokines
Flare
Red, irregular surrounding zone, arteriolar dilatation
Flush
Dull red line, capillary dilatation
Calor
Heat
Rubor
Redness

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