unit 5
Terms
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- Peter the Great
- ruler of russia. belived that his country must westernize i order to be successful
- Glorious Revolution
- the revolution against James II, A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.
- age of absolutism
- Time period where kings and queens ruled domains with total control over their people.
- William Harvey
- He refined Vesalius ideas and showed that the heart was the beginning of the bloods circulation
- Louis XIV
- ruler of france, one of the most powerful monarchs of europe ruled for 72 years and was know as the sun king
- Absolute monarchy
- a monarchy in which the ruler's power is unlimited (32)
- constitutional monarchy
- constitution that explains the powers of the government and owes allegiance to a monarch
- Scientific method
- a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
- Eugene Delacroix
- French romantic painter (1798-1863), French romantic painter, master of dramatic colorful scenes that stirred the emotions. Greatest romantic painters. Fascinated with remote and exotic subjects. Masterpiece: Liberty Leading the People
- Heliocentric
- sun centered (ex: a model of the planets revolving around the sun)
- Galileo Galilei
- He built the telescope and was the first to make regular observations with it
- Miguel de Cervantes
- Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)
- Charles II
- King of England and Scotland and Ireland during the Restoration (1630-1685)
- fallow
- left unplowed and unseeded during a growing season
- Geocentric
- models of the universe based on the assumption that the sun, moon, and planets all orbit Earth
- enlightenment
- a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
- Age of Reason
- a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
- Montesquieu
- French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers
- Divine right of kings
- god gave kings the right to rule and kings are answerable only to God
- Johannaes Kepler
- A german mathematician, confirmed the heliocentric theory with observations
- Voltaire
- French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)
- Nicholas Copernicus
- published On the Revolution of theHeavenly Spheresin 1543
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- 6 year old prodigy. Wrote more than 600 pieces of music. Gained instant celebrity. Died at 35. Music helped define a new style of composition
- John Locke
- an English philosopher who believed the government had a duty to protect certain natural rights and should only stayin power if they do so (from enlightenment)
- scientific revolution
- an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method
- English Bill of Rights
- Guaranteed certain rights to English citizens. Introduced the concept of individual rights. (1689)
- Charles I
- king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor
- English civil War
- civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I
- Frederick the Great
- ruler of prussia. Centeralized the government and put it under his control
- William and Mary
- King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King James' Catholic reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because only protestants could be office-holders.
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- German baroque organist and contrapuntist
- Oliver Cromwell
- English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)
- Thomas Hobbes
- claimed that without government, human beings would compete for territory, resources, and power
- Isaac Newton
- difined the laws of motion and gravity.