EOSC 110
Terms
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- frameworks
- two most common minerals in the crust, all oxygens share 3D structure, ex. quartz and feldspar
- volcano
- a conical mountain formed around a vent where lava or pyroclastic materials erupt
- covalent bonding
- sharing electrons in the outer shell
- mineral resource
- a concentration of minerals that is valuable, ex. galena, silver, spalerite
- isotopes
- atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
- magma
- melted rocks prior to eruption form intrusive rocks (plutonic rocks)
- fumarole
- vent for hot gases
- crystallization
- growth of a solid from a liquid or gas in a crystalline arrangement
- silicate forms
- isolated tetrahedra, tetrahedra are isolated from each otehr by cations, ex. olivine
- metamorphic rock
- rocks from pre-existing rocks changed by pressure and temperature
- cleavage
- ability to split along a plane of weakness
- Van der Waals bonding
- a weak attraction between mostly neutral atoms, eg. water
- remanent magnetization
- material will stay magnetized for a long time after the magnetic field is removed
- felsic rock
- rich in felsic minerals like quartz and feldspar. are light in colour and weight, ex. granite, rhyolite, lower siliccate content, more fluid
- lava
- melted rock exposed at the surface forms extrusive rocks (volcanic rock)
- mineral
- inorganic, naturally reoccurring crystalline solide with a fixed internal arrangement of atoms and a fixed or variable chemical composition
- sedimentary rock
- an aggregate of minerals from weathering or precipitation
- crystal
- a mineral bounded by planar surfaces and whose shape is controlled by the internal structure of atoms, eg. halite (salt)
- sheets
- each tetrahedra shares 3 oxygens, tetrahedra form sheets interlayered, ex. mica
- ferromagnetism
- magnetism is due to the growth of the "correctly" aligned domains at the expense of others
- metallic bonding
- the outer shell of electrons moves freely, there is extreme electron sharing which makes metals great conductors
- rock
- an aggregate of minerals
- ionic bonding
- missing or extra electrons can produce an ionic charge that attracts ions together, giving ions away
- magnetite
- the most ferromagnetic mineral, common in basalt
- thermoremanent magnetism
- as the mineral cools the magnetizations is "locked in" because the domains can no longer shrink or grow easily
- single chains
- oxygen bond to adjacent tetrahedra, linked by cations, ex. pyroxene
- crater
- a depression overlying a volcanic crater
- Bowen's reaction series
- crystalization happens in order of simplest to most complex
- double chains (rings)
- two chains likned by tetrahedra oxygens ex. hornblend (an amphibole)
- uniformitarianism
- "the present is the key to the past", same processes have occurred throughout earth's history
- mafic rock
- rocks with more ferromagnesian minerals, dark in colour and heavy, ex. gabbro, basalt, higher silicate content, more viscous
- intrusive rocks
- rocks that cooled and crystallized slowly from molten rock (magma) inside the earth