Science: Chapter 4
Terms
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- Geode
- It is a rounded, hollow rock that is often lined with minerals. Crystals form inside a geode when water containing dissolved minerals seeps into a crack or hollow in a rock. Slowly crystallizaiotn occurs, lining the inside with large crystals that are often perfectly formed
- How are minerals identified?
- They are identified by properties like color, streak, luster, density, hardness, cleavage, fracture, and special properties like magnetism or fluorescence.
- Fracture
- Describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.
- What are the 5 characteristics of a mineral?
- 1. naturally occurring 2. inorganic 3. solid 4. definite crystal structure 5. definite chemical composition
- mineral
- A naturally occurring, inorganic, solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
- How do minerals form from hot water solutions?
- When hot water solutions cool, elements and compounds leave the solution and crystallize as minerals. Deep underground magma can heat water to a high temperature. Elements and compounds dissolve in this hot water. Pure metals that crystallize from hot water solutions underground, often form veins.
- How do minerals form from magma and lava?
- THey form as hot magma cools inside the crust, or as lava hardens on the surface. WHen these liquids cool to a solid state, they form crystals.
- How do minerals form from solutions?
- They can form when elements and compounds that are dissolved in water leave a solution and crystallization occurs. Minerals can form this way underground in bodies of water on the Earth's surfac.e
- Crystallization
- The process where atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure. Minerals can form in 2 ways: 1. by crystallization of magma or lava, 2. by crystallization of materials dissolved in water.
- Cleavage
- It occurs when minerals split easily along flat surfaces.
- Vein
- A narrow channel or slab of a mineral that is different from the surrounding rock.
- Ore
- A rock that contains a metal or other useful mineral that can be mined and sold at a profit.
- Solution
- A mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another. When elements and compounds that are dissolved in water leave a solution, crystallization occurs.
- luster
- Describes how light is reflected from a mineral's surface. Minerals that contain metal are usually shiny
- density
- It is the mass in a given space. Density = Mass/Volume.
- How do minerals form from evaporation?
- They can form when solutions evaporate, like gypsum and calcite.
- Gemstones
- A hard, colorful mineral that has a brilliant or glassy luster. They are rare. Polished and cut gemstones are called gems and used for jewelry.
- Alloy
- Is a solid mixture of two or more elements at least one shold be a metal.
- Smelting
- Is when an ore is mixed with other substances, then melted to separate the useful metal from other elements the ore contains.