edpy442 ch14
Terms
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Super-vocational dev. unfolds in 5 stages
1.growth-birth to 14 -
-children become oriented to the work of work
-substages:
a)fantasy(4-10)
b)interest(11-12)
c)capacity(13-14) - 2 most widely know career theories are associated with:
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-donald super
-eli ginzberg
both based on personal dev. -
psychodynamic career counseling
(Murray Bowen) -
-uniqueness of people is interconnected with family of origin
-technique-draw a family or career genogram -
psychodynamic theory
(anne roe) - -career choices reflect the desire to satisy needs not met by parents in childhood
- displaced homemaker
- enter the job market out of necessity
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2.Exploration(15-24)
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-exploration of the world of work; career preference
-3 substages:
a)tentative(15-17)
b)transition(18-21)
c)trial(22-24) -
psychodynamic theory
roe-3 different parent child relationships -
1.a)overprotection-parents do to much for the child
b)overdemanding-parents emphasize achievement
-tend to choose careers that provide recognition
2.avoidance of the child
a)neglecting-little effort
b)rejecting-no effort
-careers involve mechanical interects as a way of finding gratification in life
3.acceptance-independence is encouraged
-careers that balance personal & non personal aspects of life - many cultural minorities have difficulty
- obtaining meaningful employment because of employers discrimination, lask of marketable skills, and limited access to networks that lead to good jobs
- 4.Maintanence(45-60)
- preserving what one has achieved
- 3.Establishment
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-becoming established in a preffered & appropriate field of work
-2 substages:
a)trial(25-30)
b)advancement(31-44) - career counseling adolescents
- -CIDs-middle level computerized career info delivery systems for students to use
- nontraditional careers
- careers in which people of one gender are not usually employed
- working with women counselors need to:
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watch out for occupational sex role stereotyping
- glass ceiling phenomenon
- women can rise only so far in a corporation because they are not seen as being able to perform top level executive duties
- career counseling is also called:
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-vocational guidance
-occupational counseling
-vocational counseling - career counseling with adults
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some adults may have midlife change in 40s(Erikson called generativity vs stagnation)
- career
- the course of events that constitue life
- career information
-
info related to the work of work that can be useful in the process of career dev.
ex.education - Tiedeman & O'Hara's social cognitive approach: 7 stage model of career decisions
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1.exploration(14-18)
2.crystalization(18-21)
3.choice(18-25)
4.clarification(18-25)
5.induction(21-30)
6.reformation(21-30)
7.integration(30-40)
-some overlap, each requires the individual to make a decision - career fairs
- inviting practitioners in a number of fields to explain their jobs
- career guidance
- all activities that seek to disseminate info about present or future vocations in a way that individuals become more knowledgable and aware about who they are in relationship to the world of work
- 5.Decline(65 to death)
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-disengagement from work
-2 substages:
a)deceleration(65-70)
b)retirement(71-death) - computer assisted career guidance system (CAGSs)
- offers career info and helps individuals sort through their values & interests or just find job info
- career counseling of college students
- half of college experience career related problem
- career counseling children
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-first 6 yrs or school many children dev. a stable self perception & make a tentative commitment to a vocation
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krumboltz:4 factor influence career choice
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1.genetic endowment
2.conditions & events in the environment
3.learning experiences
4.task approach skills
- career dev. assessment & counseling model (C-DAC)
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-system of career counseling
-views client as an individual and a constantly changing environment
-employed over life span
-promice for multicultural career theory -
trait & factor theory
-6 categories in which personality types & job environments can be classified: -
-realistic
-investigative
-artistic
-social
-enterprising
-conventional - 3 diagnosis of a client's career problems
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1.differential-what the problems are
2.dynamic-why problems have occured
3.decisional-how the problems are being dealt with -
trait and factor theory
(Parsons) -
-traits of clients should first be assessed and then systematically matched with factors inherent in various occupations
- career shadowing
- following someone around on his or her daily work routine
- unrealistic aspirations
- goals beyond a person's capabilities
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2 ways of working with adults in career counseling:
1.differential approach -
-stresses that the typology of persons & environments is more useful than any life stage strategies for coping with career problems
- Educational programs like Mann's 4 Cs can
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help students at risk become involved in career exploration
-cash, care, computers, coalitions - CIDs-4 components
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-assessment
-occupational search
-occupational info
-educational info -
3 key career dev. areas at the elementary school level:
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1.self awareness
2.career awareness & exploration
3.decision making - high school career counseling has 3 emphases:
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-stimulating career dev
-providing treatment
-aiding placement - late entry or delayed entry women
- decide to enter the job market after considerable time at home, they pose considerable challenges for career counselors
- career counseling
- one to one or small group relationship between a client and a counselor with the goal of helping the client integrate and apply and understanding of self and the environment to make the most appropriate career decisions and adjustments
- 2.dev. approach
- examines a greater number of individual & environmental variables
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focus in test use:
interpreting the tests without the tests - letting the cloent & counselor share responsibility for interpreting what the test results mean independently of standardized norms