form and analysis
peter van dessel's initials
Terms
undefined, object
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- augmentation
- denotes the lengthening of notes' values
- structural chords
- generally diatonic and frequently primary triads (I, IV, and V)
- theme and variations
- based on the immediate repetition of a structural unit (normally a simple part form) with variation applied to each 'repetition'
- tonal transposition
- transposition where there is any variance in interval quality
- sequence
- when two or more transpositions occur in succession
- time
- the medium in which music unfolds itself
- incomplete cadence (half and deceptive)
- come to rest on some chord other than the tonic
- ritornelli
- instrumental passages that punctuate the structure at various points
- rhythm
- the organization of sound in time to create music
- imitation
- the immediate reiteration of a motive in a different part
- phrase group
- two or more consecutive phrases that - though they function together to make up a larger unit - do not stand in a period relationship
- semiphrase
- part of a phrase, usually in more or less equal halves
- symmetrical period
- consists of phrases with an equal number of measures
- tessitura
- "sweet spot" / portion of a specific voice or instrument's range that is exploited by a melody
- cadence
- comes from the latin 'cadere' meaning to fall.
- melodic inversion
- denotes the reversal in upward and downward motion of a motive's intervals
- antecedent
- generally first phrase in a period
- agogic
- subtle tempo and rhythm changes as a part of phrasing
- diminution
- the shortening of note values
- macrorhythm
- the ordering in time of the successive events of a piece
- retrograde inversion
- the application of both retrograde and melodic inversion to a motive
- asymmetrical phrase
- phrase consisting of an odd number of measures
- phrase
- the smallest structural unit normally concluded by a cadence
- composite three part form
- statement-digression-return
- complete cadence (authentic and plagal)
- comes to rest on the tonic chord; strong enough to bring a musical thought to a complete close
- parallel construction
- the use of similar melodic contours in two phrases
- minuet and trio
- consists of the minuet, the trio, and the return of the minuet
- elision
- overlap
- range
- determined by the interval between the highest and lowest pitches
- stretto
- when imitation commences before the original statement is completed
- tonality
- the phenomenon of chords 'progressing' toward a goal (one tone predominating over the rest and serving as a tonal center)
- ternary
- three parts
- consequent
- generally the phrase in a period after the antecedent
- microrhythm
- rhythm on the more basic level
- period
- structural unit composed of phrases put together
- transposition
- denotes the reiteration of a motive in the same part but at a different pitch level
- anacruses
- an unaccented beat or beats that occur before the first beat of a measure
- coda
- cadential extension occurring at the end of a movement
- binary
- two parts
- independent phrase
- single phrase presented in such a way that it does not unite with other phrases
- contour
- upward and downward flow of pitch in a melody - three common contours are arch, wave, and inverted arch
- real transposition
- the exact quality of each interval in the original motive is retained
- part
- combination of one or more periods
- asymmetrical period
- contains phrases of different lengths
- melody
- a primary vehicle of musical expression
- rondo
- based on delayed repetition of a "principal theme" following areas of digression throughout the form
- symmetrical phrase
- phrase consisting of an even number of measures
- irregular phrase
- generally an extension of a regular phrase heard earlier