abnormal psychology
Terms
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- Biological Perspectives ( Wilhelm Grisinger)
- Abnormal behavior can be explaned as a brain pathology
- Structural causes of Abnormality cam occur in 3 areas of the brain
- Ceberal Cortex, hypothalamus, Limbic system
- humanist and external theories
- conform to demands of others instead of pursuing own values and potentials
- Distress
- is the person uncomfortable as a result of the behaviro or symptom?
- Gheel (belgium)
- residents took mentally ill into their homes and prayed for a cure
- Deviance
- is the behavior higly unusual
- Reuptake occurs when
- the neurons that initally released the neurotransmitter into synapse reabsorbes the neurotransmitter
- psychopathology
- mental disorders
- begreavement
- some cultures you grieave for a short period of time and some longer
- hypothalamic-pituitary- adrinal axis ( HPA Axis )
- dysregualation of HPA results in difficulty effectively managing stress.. Linked to depression anxiety and other psychological disorders
- family systems thories
- famillies create and maintain mental disorders in individual family maintain homostasias
- Standard 4 mental illness
- is the behavior caused by an identifiable disease? there is nor medical test that identifies this process if it does exist
- Behaviorism ( John watson ) US
- Explained human behavior in behaviorist terms
- United states hospital equally as bad
- electric shocks, hot or cold water, starvation, heavey restrains, blood letting
- Impairment
- does the symptom cause the person to be unable to function properly
- Behaviorism ( Wilhelm Wundt) Germany
- first experimintal psychology lab
- William Tuke
- opened the retreat ( treated mentally ill with dignity and encouraged prosocial behavior )
- behavioral theories
- symptoms of mental dissoreders due to reinforcements and punishments for specific behaviors and feelings
- psychodynamic theories
- unconscious conflicts between primitive desires and constraints gives rise to mental illness
- Structural Theries
- abnormalities in the structure of the brain cause mental disorders
- operant conditioning (Thorndike, Skinner)
- behaviors shaped by rewards in punishments
- Humanistic Theories ( Carl Rogers)
- Client Centered Therapy, Relies entirley on empathy
- social and interpersonal approaches
- focus more on the larger social structures withen an individual lives
- cognitive theories
- peoples ways of interpreting situtuations thier assumptions about hte world and self concepts can negative feelings and behaviors
- Behaviorism ( El Thorndike and BF Skinner) US
- operant/ insturmental conditioning
- Albert ellis
- creator of rational emotive therapy ( he had a fear of speaking to women )
- Phillippe Pinel (France)
- Allowd residents to walk freely in hospital, provided clean, well lit, comfortable living conditions, Trained nurses in therapist
- The Vulnerability stress model of psychopathology os usally refered to as
- diathesis stress model
- Early perspective on Abnormality- supernatural theories
- mental illnes is a result of divine intervention
- Diathesis
- risk factor
- Biopsychosocial Model
- Mental illness is a result of Several Factors each of wich interacts with other factors, bilogical varibles, psychological factors, social varibles
- Contemporary theories ( social)
- emphaisis on interpersonal realtionships and social environment
- Observational learning (Bandura)
- individual observations rewards in punishments recieved by others
- Act for regulating madhouses (england)
- requried physician, surgeon, or apothecary to sign certificate in order to admit patient ( only applied to paying residents of private facilitties)
- Hypothalamus
- Regulates eating, drinking, sexual behaviors, influences basic emotions
- Biochemical Theories
- Imbalances in the levels of neurotransmitters or hormones or poor functioning of receptors cause mental disorders
- early perspectives on abnormality- psychological theories
- mental illness is a result of an interaction of environmental and genetic factors
- what is abnormal
- devation from the norm
- Early Perspecitve on Abnormality- Biological theories
- Mental illness is similar to pysical diease
- dysfuntion
- does the beahavior prevent normal daily function
- degradation occurs when
- the receiving neuron relases an enzyme into the synapse that breaks down the neurtransmitter into other biochemicals
- stnadered 1 cultural relativism
- abnormality depends upon cultural norms
- Standard 3 Discomfort
- some argue that behavior is only abnormal if the individual suffers as a result and wishes to alter it... some thrapist object to this beacuse people are not always aware of problems that their behavior may create for themselves or others
- social structural theories
- societies create mental disorders in individuals by lutting them under unbearable stress and by sactioning abnormal behaviors
- is abnormal always bad
- no, high iq, athletic talent. musical abilities
- Contemporary theories (biological)
- Emphasis on biological.. genetics
- biochemical causes of abnormality
- the brain needs a number of chemicals to operate properly.. neurotransmitters are biochemical messengers.
- Modeling ( Bandura )
- behaviors learned by imitating others
- Maladaptive
- interferes with ability to function normally in life. simply being different from the norm is not sufficient for a diagnosis
- Thoma Szasz
- Says there are not such thing as mental illness " nobody has a position to describe a label
- Genetic Thirues
- Disordered genes lead to mental disorders
- types of cognition (beck) control bealifs
- learned helplessness
- Some common Global dysfuntional assumptions
- I should be loved by eveyone for everything i do... once something affects my life it will always effect my life
- Psychoanalytic perspective (Franz Anton Mesmer) Austria
- magnetic fluid in body must be distrubuted properly to maintain mental health
- Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
- pair neutural stimulus with naturally sailent stimulus, neutural stimulus becomes associatied with sailent stimulus
- Psychoanalytic Perspective ( Sigmond Freud)
- Mental illness is the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts from childhood
- asylums first appeared in
- europe in 12th century
- humanistic and existential theoris of abnormality
- suggest that all humans strive to fulfill their potential for good and to sex actualize. the inability to fulfill ones potntial arrives from the pressure of society to conform to others expectation and values and from exisetial anxieties
- Limbic system
- Regulates similar behaviors and emtions
- Behaviorism ( Ivan Pavlov ) Russia
- Classical conditioning
- Dorothea Dix ( United States ) Campaigned for
- better hospitals, better treatment for mentally ill, better qualifaications for mental health practiitoners
- interpersonal theores
- mental disorders are result of long standing patterns of negative realationships that have roots in early caregivers
- Standard 2 unusualness
- is the behavior reare....(depends in part of the norms in that behavior in a culture)
- agressive behavior
- some cultures can view a certain type of behavior as being aggressive and others not
- Ceberal Cortex
- advances thinking process, Phineas Gage
- London mental hospital (bedlam)
- residents were confined lived in filth displayed to public for free, and forced to beg for money on the streets
- Biological Perspectives ( Emil Kraeplin)
- Devoloped system of classification for mental disorders, emphazised importance of brain pathology
- standard 5 maladaptiveness
- dysfuntion- does the beahavior prevent normal daily function? Distress- does the person suffer distress? Deviance? is the behavior higly unusual
- in the middle ages mentally ill were thoght to demonstrate
- demon possession, withcraft which led to in humane treatment
- Contemporary theories ( psychological )
- empahsis on psychological factors such as early childhood experinces and self help
- Endorcine system
- systems of glands that produce hormones which are released into the blood and carred thoroghout the body ( hormones influence among other things, mood, energy levels, and stress responce)
- what is abnormal
- cultural realativism, unusuakbess if behavior, dissomfort of the person exhibiting the behavior, mental illness, maladaptiveness
- Distress
- does the person suffer distress?
- types of cognition (beck) cassual attributions
- how might attributions influence or be influenced by psychopathology