Core Final
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- Deism
- reason based theistic worldview (18th century concept). Believe that God is transcendent and impersonal, that the world is a closed system created by God as a clockmaker, and that humanity was created equal by God with inalienable rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. Come to know by reason and empirical evidence. We should seek to know the world in its normal state. One key deist was David Hume, Scottish Enlightenment philosopher of miracles, miracles violate laws of nature and laws of nature can’t be violated; therefore miracles are impossible.
- Four Tenets of Evangelism
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Four tenets important to Evangelical Awakening and movement included
-Biblicist, Sola Scriptura, that the bible is the sole authority in matters of faith and practice.
-Crucicentrist – what Christ did on the cross is the most important part of religion
-Conversionist – what Jesus did for us requires us respond
-Activist – it is responsibility of the church to minister, being missionaries, and spreading gospel - Wesleyan-Quadrilateral
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1703-1791 John Wesley’s (key member of the revival) four points to Methodism. Mechanic of Great Awakening; started methodism at Oxford called “Holy Clubâ€. He said that the Christian faith is:
revealed in scripture (Holy Bible)
illuminated by tradition, the 2000 year old history of the church
vivified by personal experience, such as one’s personal journey with God
confirmed by reason (rational thinking) - Five Fundamentals (1910)
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Conservatives reaction against liberalism marked the emergence of Fundamentalism. Started by Northern Presbyterian Church and were required for Ministerial candidates until 1920’s
1. Inerrancy of the Bible
2. virgin birth/deity of Christ
3. Substitutionary atonement
4. Christ physical resurrection
5. Miracles are essential - Eschatology
- Eschatos: last. The study of the “last things†or the Return of Christ and the end of the world. There is a necessity for interpretation because no one comes to reading the Bible with a clean slate; all do some sort of interpretation. Deals with the end of the world, the Millennium, rapture, Great Tribulation, and the Anti-Christ. Apocalyptic literature is eschatological. Approaches to Revelations: futurist, preterist, historicist, and idealist.Covenant (Unity between Old and New Testament) and Dispensational Theology (Sharp distinction between Old and New Testament).
- Azuza Street Revival
- Started by William Seymour, held in the AME building, and were long (10 a.m. to 3 a.m.). Need for second expeience after conversoin (baptism) tongues is intial evidence. Experimental Christianity, fastest growing Christian movement. It was a phenomenon; many people spoke in tongues, were slain in the Spirit, went into trances, and there was a lot of jumping, shouting, and crying out. It was a very emotional experience. By September 1906 13,000 people had received tongues. This was the beginning of the Pentecostal movement.
- Cessationist Theology
- Believe that miraculous gifts of the Spirit (such as tongues, healing, prophecy, miracles) have ceased to operate after the Apostolic Church period. Also known as “Charismaticsâ€; Product of Modern (Enlightenment) worldview. Theology came from Fundamentalists and Dispensationalists. They believed in a future millennial kingdom and that signs and wonders are not customary but periodic. Key proponents included John MacArthur – Charismatic Chaos and B.B. Warfield who writes Counterfeit Miracles
- Jefferson Bible
- The Jefferson Bible, or The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth as it is formally titled, was an attempt by Thomas Jefferson to glean the teachings of Jesus from the Christian Gospels. Jefferson wished to extract the doctrine of Jesus by removing sections of the New Testament containing supernatural aspects as well as perceived misinterpretations he believed had been added by the Evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
- Preterist interpretation of the book of Revelation
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Revelation vision consists of events during apostolic era (John’s lifetime).
Fulfilled in Jewish war in 67-70 AD
Ex-Babylon (Rev. 18) – Imperial Rome
Not a matter of orthodoxy - Finney’s “New Measures"
- Created by Charles Finney, the most “successful†preacher of the 2nd Awakening. Finney said that with the conversion experience, one should experience the pain of depravity (sin) and being set free of sin’s bonds. Perfectionist Theology; believed that one should live without sinning and that there is no such thing as original sin
- Five Tenets of Liberal Theology
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Liberals attempt to adapt and revise the message to ‘modernize’ the gospel
1)Bible as a ‘human text’: flawed account (scientific and historical errors in text. Religious experience of ancient people; educational value)
2)Pure, benevolent goodness of God: Reject Old Testament portrayal, emphasize God’s love, minimize God’s holiness, no wrath or judgment.
3)Basic goodness of humanity: optimistic view of human nature, sin is a result of social forces, stress human progress.
4)Saving example of Jesus: Moral, Minimize or reject: Jesus’ divinity.
5)Christianity as one aspect of God’s truth: Not the sole way to God, but the best way