9.27.2006 Cranial Cavity

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_____ are pathways in and out of the skull.: Foramina
The _____, ____, & ____ fossa proceed like steps.: anterior, middle, & posterior
The temporal lobes are housed in the _____ fossa.: middle
The frontal lobes are housed in the _____ fossa.: anterior
The brain stem & cerebellum are housed in the ____ fossa.: posterior
What are true foramina of the skull?: 'holes' that actually pierce the individual bones of the skull (instead of bones coming together to make hole)
The ___ & ____ bones form the anterior fossa of the skull.: frontal & ethmoid
The frontal bone separates the cranial cavity from _____.: the orbit of the eye
Borders of anterior fossa: Anterior:________ Posterior:________: Anterior: anterior portion of frontal bone; Posterior: lesser wing of sphenoid
The middle fossa is formed from what bones?: sphenoid, temporal, & parietal
Borders of middle fossa: Anterior:________ Posterior:________: Anterior: lesser wing of sphenoid; Posterior: petrous ridge of temporal bone
The posterior fossa is formed by which bone?: occipital
Borders of posterior fossa: Anterior:________ Posterior:________: Anterior: petrous ridge of temporal bone;
Posterior: back of skull
Sphenoid means "wedged" b/c it is wedged b/tw which two bones?: frontal & temporal
Ethmoid means 'sieve', & the bone is called that because of the __________.: holes that cover its surface
The _____ is the protrusion of the ethmoid bone where cerebral falx attaches.: crista galli
The cerebral falx (attaches to crista galli) is a specialization of __________.: intracranial dura mater
The ___ is the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid where CN1 fibers pass thru from nasal cavity.: olfactory foramina
The ____ is a slit b/tw greater & lesser wings of sphenoid bone.: superior orbital fissure
The superior orbital fissure conveys structures between ____ & _____.: orbit & cranium
The optic foramen (optic canal) is ____ to superior orbital fissure.: MEDIAL
___ &____ pass through optic canal. How big is the optic canal/foramen?: optic nerve (CN II) & opthalmic artery; 11mm
The sellica turcica is ____ to the optic foramen in the midline.: POSTERIOR
The sellica turcica is a depression in the ______. It houses the ______.: sphenoid bone; pituitary gland
The foramen rotundum, ovale, & spinosum run _____ to the superior orbital fissure & from ___-___ of SPHENOID Bone: POSTERIOR; front to back
The carotid canal is ____ to the sphenoid bone in the petrous temporal bone.: postero-medial
___ & ___ pass through the carotid canal.: Internal carotid artery & internal carotid nerve plexus
The ___ is filled w/ connective tissue & only becomes a foramen post-mortem.: foramen lacerum
The internal auditory meatus is ____ to carotid canal.: posterior
The jugular foramen is ____ to the internal auditory meatus. What travels here?: posterior; IJV
THe jugular foramen is a pseudoforamen formed by joining of ___ & ___ bones.: petrous portion of temporal & occipital
The hypoglossal canal is found ____ to the jugular foamen.: medial
The foramen magnum is the place where _____ arteries ascend into skull.: vertebral
Where does the brain stem become the spinal cord?: At the foramen magnum
The posterior clinoid process is a lateral extension of ______.: DORSUM SELLAE (posterior portion of sella turcica)
The anterior clinoid process is associated with the _____.: TUBERCULUM SELLAE (anterior to concavitiy of sella turcica)
The _________ artery supplies the skull & dura mater.: MAJOR (MIDDLE) MENINGEAL
The middle miningeal artery is a branch of the _____ artery.: MAXILLARY
What are the 4 fontanelles in an infant's skull?: anterior; posterior; anteriolateral (spenoidal); posteriolateral (mastoid)
The ___ fontanelle is the largest in an infant. It has a _____ shape.: anterior; diamond(this is the one usually used to aspire fluids & test for infections)
The ____ eminence is a prominant place on an infant's skull.: parietal
Incomplete sutures & fontanelles serve 2 purposes in infants: ____ & _____: space for brain to grow (still developing); allows passage through birth canal
Bones of the skull fuse at _______.: fibrous sutures
What are the 3 sutures of the skull?: coronal, saggital, & lambdoid
The junction at the sagittal & lambdoid suture is called the ______.: lambda
The junction at the sagittal & coronal suture is called the ______.: bregma ('front')
The ______ (lateral to the sagittal suture) allow EMISSARY veins to pass).: parietal foramina
There are several grooves on inside of the skull for ____ & _____.: venous sinuses & arachnoid granulations
Cranial nerve I is made of ___ filaments that pass through the ____ to form ___.: 20; cribriform plate of ethmoid bone; olfactory nerve in olfactory tract
CN II is the _______ nerve.: optic
CN II passes through the ______.: optic canal
Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?: CN 3,4,6, & V1
Cranial nerve V2 passes through ______.: foramen rotundum
Cranial nerve V3 passes through the ________.: foramen ovale
Which cranial nerves pass through the internal auditory meatus?: Cranial nerves 7 & 8
Which cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen?: CN 9, 10, & 11
Where does CN 12 pass through?: The hypoglosseal canal
The ______ enters through the foramen spinosum.: middle meningeal artery
The _____ is a fusion of the occipital & sphenoid bones.: clivus ('slide')
The skull (calvaria) has two layers around a ______. What are these two layers?: diploic space; outer & inner table
What veins communicate b/tw those in the saclp & those in the diploic space?: emissary veins
How does blood flow in skull?: inside to outside
The dura mater in the skull has _____ layer(s). The dura mater in the spinal cord has ___.: 2-skull;
1-spinal cord
The outer layer of dura mater in the skull is ______.: periosteal/endostial
The inner layer of dura mater in the skull is ______.: meningeal
The ______ layer of dura mater in the skull is continuous w/dura mater in s.c.: meningeal (inner layer)
Between the 2 layers of dura mater are ______.: dural venous sinuses
The dural venous sinuses in the dura mater are lined w/ _____ and act as veins.: endotheluim
Venous sinuses can be between what layers?: b/tw two dural layers or b/tw 2 meningeal layers
Injury to the dural venous sinuses can result in a ____.: subdural hematoma
The ______ artery runs within the dura mater.: middle meningeal artery
The middle meningeal artery bifurcates in the ______ into anterior & posterior branches.: middle cranial fossa
If the skull is fractured, the middle meningeal a. can rupture & create _______.: acute epidural hematoma
_____ is a potential space in the brain, so anything there is pathologic.: epidural space
The _____ sends arachnoid granulations (fist-like projections) into the dura mater.: arachnoid trebecula
The subarachnoid space is filled with ___, which is refiltered in the ____ system.: CSF; venous
CSF from arachnoid space enters ____ via ____ & is then recirculated.: dural sinus; arachnoid granulations
The pia mater is found on the _____ of the brain.: cortex & into the sulci
Arterial blood vessels in the brain lie ____ to the pia mater.: superior
_____ & ____ are specializations of the dura mater.: Falx Cerebri; Tentorium Cerebelli
The falx cerebri separates _____. It arises post. from ____ & attaches to _____.: left & right brain;
tentorium cerebelli, attaches to frontal bone & crista galli
The tentorium cerebelli houses the ______.: cerebellum
The dural venous sinuses have no ____ (gravity dependent).: valves
Standing on head can increase _____ (because there are no valves in dural venous sinuses): intra-cranial pressure
The _____ sinus is in the midline, just below the skull.: superior sagittal
The superior sagittal drains into the _______.: confluence (on posterior aspect)
The ____ sinuses are foind on the outer portion of the brain, just under the skull.: left & right transverse
The left & right transverse sinuses drain into the _____.: confluence
The ____ sinus is found in the jxn of the falx cerebri & tentorium cerebelli.: straight
The _____ sinus is around the sellae turcica.: cavernous (it has its name b/c similar to erectile tissue)
The ____ sinus arises from the transverse sinuses to become the IJV.: SIGMOID
All sinuses drain into the ___.: IJV
The ____ sinus runs under the edge of the lesser wing of the sphenoid.: sphenoparietal
The ____ sinus is a plexus that runs on top of the clivus.: basilar
The _____ & _____ sinuses runs above & below the petrous ridge.: superior & inferior petrosal sinuses
The superior petrosal sinus drains into the ______.: transverse sinus
The inferior petrosal sinus drains into the ______.: IJV/sigmoid sinus
The ____ sinus runs in the midline of the occipital bone.: midline occipital
The ___ sinus runs around the foramen magnum.: marginal
While standing, the marginal sinus drains into _____. While lying, it drains into ____.: standing--marginal plexus into Batson's plexus; lying-- IJV
The ________ drains the deep structures of the brain.: Great Cerebral Vein of Galen
There are many small sinuses in the falx cerebri that connect ______.: several sinuses in the brain
There are _____ of the superior sinus that can bleed lots when one enters skull.: lateral lakes of superior sinus
The great cerebral vein of Galen & inferior sagital sinus drain into ______.: straight sinus
The ______ is the medial edge of the tentorium cerebelli. It separates the ______.: incisura; posterior & middle cranial fossas
The incisura wraps around the ____ & _____ aspects of the brain stem.: lateral & posterior
The space between the brain stem and incisura can be a place of ______.: herniation (Tentorial Herniation), pinching off nerves & arteries
The ______ is the only place in the body where an artery (which one?)traverses a vein.: cavernous sinus;
INTERNAL CAROTID
The ____ is in the middle of the cavernous sinus.: pituitary gland
Which cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?: CN 3,4, 6, & V1
In a basilar skull fraction (base of skull is sheared), ____ can be lacerated.: Internal Carotid artery
If the ICA is lacerated in basilar skull fraction, what happens?: high pressure arterial blood reverses flow of venous blood- sinuses are then dilated
If the ICA is lacerated & venous blood flow is reversed, it's called ______.: CAROTID CAVERNOUS FISTULA
Clinical presentation of a carotid cavernous fistula results in _________.: pulsing eyeball (or stethescope over eye results in hearing pulse)
The facial veins can drain into the cavernous sinus DIRECTLY by ______.: superior & inferior opthalmic veins
The facial veins can drain into the pterygoid venous plexus INDIRECTLY by ______.: inferior opthalmic vein or deep facial vein
Infections (pimples) can communicate from face to sinuse & produce ______.: clots of blood, reducing flow, producing significant problems
The triangle around the nose is dubbed the DANGER ZONE b/c _______.: infections there can lead back to the sinuses (blood drains from med. angle of eye, nose, & lips into facial vein)
CSF is made 1º deep in brain by _____.: choroid plexuses
CSF flows into subarachnoid space around ______. What does this mean clinically.: spinal cord; CSF drawn from lumbar puncture can indicate pathology in the brain (spaces confluent)
The ____ nerve innervates the dura mater 1º in anterior & middle fossae.: TRIGEMINAL (V)
What nerves innervate the dura mater in the posterial fossa?: CNX & cervical nerves traveling with CNXII
What explains neck injuries causing headaches?: cervical nerves that innervate the dura mater in the posterior fossa
The left & right vertebral arteries fuse to form _____. Where is this a. located?: the basilar artery; (on the CLIVUS)
The basilar artery bifurcates into _______.: posterior cerebral arteries
The 2 branches of the internal carotid artery on the brain are ____ & ____.: anterior cerebral & middle cerebral arteries
The posterior cerebral arteries connect to middle cerebral arteries via _____.: posterior communicating artery
The two anterior cerebral arteries are connected by ____.: anterior communicating artery
The vertebral-basilar-post. cerebral-middle cerebral-anterior cerebral system composes _______.: CIRCLE OF WILLIS
____% of population doesn't have a circle of Willis, so stroke would be very bad.: 25%
The main arterial supply of the brain comes from what 2 arteries?: vertebral arteries & left/right internal carotid arteries

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