A&P ch. 13: Cranial Nerves
Terms
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-Cranial nerve I
-sensory function (smell) - Olfactory nerve
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-cranial nerve II
-sensory function (vision) - Optic
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-cranial nerve III
-Motor function
--eyeball mvt. and lens accomodation
-parasympathetic fiber - Oculomotor
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-Cranial nerve IV
-motor
--eyeball mvt. - Trochlear
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-cranial nerve V
-sensory nerve (gen. sensations, tongue sensations, chewing)
--zygomatic, maxillary, nasal, sphenoid; mandible
---second thickest - Trigeminal
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-cranial nerve VI
-Motor
-eyeball mvt. - Abducens
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-cranial nerve VII
-sensory (taste)
-motor (facial expressions, proprioception)
-parasympathetic fibers - Facial
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-cranial nerve VIII
-sensory (hearing, balance) - Auditory/ vestibulocochlear
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-cranial nerve IX
-sensory (taste)
-motor (proprioception for swallowing, BP receptors, swallow, gag reflex, tear production)
-Parasympathetic fibers
--tongue; pharynx - Glossopharyngeal
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-cranial nerve X
-Sensory (taste)
-Motor (chemoreceptors, pain receptors, sensation, taste, heart rate/stroke volume, peristalsis, air flow speech and swallowing
-Parasympathetic fibers
--thickest; below neck; cardio, respiratory, dig - Vagus
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-Cranial nerve XI
-Motor (head roatation)
--fail safe: back up sys. - Accessory
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-cranial nerve XII
-motor (speech and swallowing)
--underneath tongue - Hypoglossal
- Involve planter extension of the foot following a tap on archilles tendon
- Achilles reflex
- Contraction of anal sphicter/irritation of anal skin
- Anal reflex
- absence of reflexes
- Areflexia
- Resulting from compression of median nerve in the carpal tunel, resulting in pain, burning and tinglings of the fingers and hand.
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Involving closure of eyelids due to irritation of cornea
- Corneal reflex
- Paralysis to brachial plexus due to pressure to axilla from prolonged use of a crutch (acute)
- Crutch Palsy
- Surgical technique involving the removal of damaged section of a spinal cord and replacement of nerve segmentsf rom an arm or leg.
- Delayed nerve grafting
- surgical removal of ganglion
- Gangliectomy
- Regional anesthesia obtained by an injection of anesthetics in close proximity to appropriate nerve
- nerve block
- excision of a portion of a nerve
- neurectomy
- displacement of a nerve
- neurectopia
- surgical anastomosis of one nerve to another
- neuroanastomosis
- surgical breaking up of penneural adhesions
- neurolysis
- suturing of a nerve
- neurorrhaphy
- dissection of a nerve
- neurotomy
- excision/resection of phrenic nerve
- phrenicotomy
- inflammationo f multiple nerves
- polyneuritis
- syndrome characterized by absensce of fever pain, tenderness, motor weakness, and absence of tendon reflexes. A type of encephalitis
- Radiculoneuritis
- interruption of nerve roots in spinal canal
- Rhizotomy
- compression of brachial plexus resulting in pain to the arms, numbness of fingers and wasting of the muscles of the hand
- thoratic outlet syndrome
- benign tumor with auditory canal arising from the VIII crcanial (acustic) nerve
- Acoustic neuroma
- benign tumor of peripheral nerves due to abnormal proliferation or schwann cells AKA fibroneuroma
- neurofibroma
- neurofibromatosis characterized by developement changes of various body sys including the nervous sys. characterized by formation of neurofibromas over the entire body assosiated with patches of pigmentation
- von recklinghausen's syndrome
- tumor of peripheral nerve sheath (neurilemma AKA schwannome)
- neurilemona
- sarcomma derived from nervous tissue chiefly neuroblasts primarily affects young children usually arising in ANS
- neuroblastoma
- idiopathic polneuritis characterized by wide-spread patchy demylinetion of spinal nerve and nerve roots with some imflamatory chang symptoms... muscular weakness in legs to trunks, slow recovery
- guillbin-barre syndrome
- inflation of spinal nerves characterized by muscular weakness numbness, tingling, tenderness and pain caused by systemic chronic disorder such as diabetics alcoholism etc
- peripheral neuritis
- acute vial infection manifested along sensory root ganglia and caused by herpes simplex virus. Disease exibits vesticular eruptions along area of distribution of the sensory nerve.
- shingles