Neuroscience Cranial Nerves
Terms
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- loss of reflex to light (both direct and consensual), with normal pupillary constriction on accommodation and convergence; lesion usually involves pretectum; can be bilateral in disorders like neurosyphilis where the pupils may be small and unequal
- Argyll-Robertson pupil
- vertical gaze center
- periaqueductal gray of the midbrain reticular formation
- horizontal gaze center
- paramedian pontine reticular formation
- the gaze centers have complicated interconnections with cranial nerve nuclei III, IV, and VI via the ______
- medial longitudinal fasciculus
- the pupil constricts to light (direct response) but may not stay constricted, or may slowly dilate; the consensual response may be faster than the direct (checked with a “swinging†light); seen with irritation of the optic nerve such as occurs in opt
- Marcus Gunn pupil:
- Lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus can produce _____
- “internuclear†ophthalmoplegia: impaired adduction of the ipsilateral eye, nystagmus in the contralateral eye with abduction
- Lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus can produce an ______; there will be impaired _____ of the ipsilateral eye, nystagmus in the contralateral eye with ____
-
“internuclear†ophthalmoplegia
adduction
abduction - Name the Special Sensory Afferent cranial nerves
- II, VIII
- location of second order neurons associated w/ taste
- rostral part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius
- General Visceral Afferents nucleus
- caudal portion of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius
- General Somatic Efferent cranial nerves
- III, IV, VI, XII
- Special Visceral Efferent nerves
- V, VII, IX, X, XI
- General Somatic Afferent Cranial Nerves
- (III, IV, VI), V, VII, IX, X
- 3 unique features of olfactory receptos
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1. The cells function both as receptors and conducting neurons
2. Unmyelinated axons of these cells constitute the olfactory nerves which pass through foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter the olfactory bulb
3. These olfactory neurons undergo mitosis throughout life (they have a life span of approximately 2 mos.); this is interesting since it means that axons of newly born neurons are constantly growing in the olfactory nerves and into the CNS - olfactory projects to what structures in the temporal lobe?
- e uncus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdaloid nuclear complex (amygdala)