MHR
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- devil's advocate
- a person who has the job of criticizing ideas to ensure that their downsides are fully explored
- uncertainty
- the state that exists when decision makers have insufficient information
- brainstorming
- a process in which group members generate as many ideas about a problem as they can; criticism is withheld until all ideas have been proposed
- ready-made solutions
- ideas that have been seen or tried before
- groupthink
- a phenomenon that occurs in decision making when group members avoid disagreement as they strive for conensus
- discounting the future
- a bias weighting short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term costs and benefits
- risk
- the state that exists when the probability of success is less than 100 percent, and losses may occur
- custom-made solutions
- new, creative solutions designed specifically for the problem
- bounded rationality
- a less-than-perfect form of rationality in which decision makers cannot be perfectly rational because decisions are complex and complete information is unavailable
- illusion of control
- people's belief that they can influence events, even when they have no control over what will happen
- affective conflict
- emotional disagreement directed toward other people
- vigilance
- a process in which a decision maker carefully executes all stages of decision making
- programmed decisions
- decisions encountered and made before, having objectively correct answers, and solvable by using simple rules, policies, or numerical computations
- nonprogrammed decisions
- new, novel, complex decisions having no proven answers
- optimizing
- achieving the best possible balance among several goals
- goal displacement
- a condition that occurs when a decision-making group loses sight of its original goal and a new, less important goal emerges
- conflict
- opposing pressures from different sources. Two level of conflict are psychological conflict and conflict that arises between individuals or groups
- satisficing
- choosing an option that is acceptable, although not necessarily the best of perfect
- maximizing
- a decision realizing the best possible outcome
- dialectic
- a structured debate comparing two conflicting courses of action
- contingency plans
- alternative courses of action that can be implemented based on how the future unfolds
- coalitional model
- model of organizational decision making in which groups with differing preferences use power and negotiations to influence decisions
- certainty
- the state that exists when decisions makers have accurate and comprehensive information
- garbage can model
- model of organizational decision making depicting a chaotic process and seemingly random decisions
- incremental model
- model of organizational decision making in which major solutions arise though a series of smaller decisions
- cognitive conflict
- issue-based differences in perspectives or judgments
- framing effects
- a psychological bias influenced by the way in which a problem or decision alternative is phrased or presented