criminology final
Terms
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- serial murder
- killing of several victims in three or more separate incidents over weeks, months or even years
- typologies of serial criminals
- visionaries mission oriented hedonists power/control
- visionaries
- believed to be suffereing from some sort of psychosis, they kill in response to voices or visions
- mission oriented
- mission in life is to rid society of undesirables ie prostitutes
- hedonists
- thrill seekers who murder for creature comfrots, profit, or pleasures in life, as well as lust murderers
- power/control
- enjoy power and control over helpless victims and enjoy watching them suffer and beg for mercy
- organized/disorganized serial killers
- organized: plan their offenses, transport their victims. and keep trophies. they are normal in appearance and are socially competent. disorganized: socially and sexually incompetent. both ttypes often return to the gravesite often to satisfy their sexual fantasy
- mass murder
- the millking of four or more citimes at one location on a single occasion
- spree murder
- kills at two or more locations with almost no time break between murders
- victim percipitation
- completely innocent victim victim with minor guilt victim as guilty offeners victim as more guilty than the offender victim as most guilty imaginary victim
- culturally violent offenders
- individuals who live in subcultures in which violence is an acceptable problem solving mechanism
- subculture of violence thesis
- means of explaining the greater prevalence of violent crime among lowe income minorites from slum environments of large central cities
- criminally violent offenders
- use violence as a means of accomplishing a criminal act, such as robber. mental illness or brain damage characterize pathologically violent offenders
- situationally violent offenders
- commit acts of violence on rare occasions, often under provocation, such as domestic disputes that get out of hand
- assault
- threatening to do bodily harm to a person or plaching him or her in fear of such harm. assault is attempted but uncompleted battery
- battery
- offensive unprivileged and unjustified offensive bodily contact. inclueds mens rae (intentional or resulted from wanton misconduct)
- forcible rape
- forcible and unlawful sexual relations with a person against his or her will. rape is defined in common law as carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will
- statutory rape
- sexual relations with a victim under the age of consent
- murder
- killing that is calculated in cold blood or with malice forethought
- first degree murder
- intent to effect death with malice aforethought deliberate act premeditated act
- second degree murder
- intent to effect death with malice aforethought w/o deliberation or premediation
- felony murder doctrine
- if in the act of committing a felony the death of one of the victims is brought about, this is murder though it does not necessarily result from intent, deliberation, or premeditation
- manslaughter
- homicide without malice aforethought
- voluntary manslaughter
- nonnegligenet intentional killing without malce aforethought often described as homicide in hot blood and often results from provocation
- involuntary manslaughter
- negligent unintentional killing without malice aforethought
- real rape
- aggravated raoe involving violence, weapons, attackers, and is recognized as rape by the courts
- simple rape
- everything else, including date rate, and is dismissed as "not real rape"
- anger rape
- means of expressng rape or anger, involves far more physical assault on the victim than is neccesary
- power rape
- assailant primarily qishes to express his domination over the victim
- sadistic rape
- combines the sexuality and aggression aims in psychotic desires to torment, torture, or otherwise abuse the victim
- naive graspers
- sexually inexperienced youths with unrealistic conception of female erotic arousal. possess a strong desire for affection but little respect of their victims autonomy in resisting such advances
- meaning stretchers
- most typical, date rapists. misinterpret a woman's affection and when she says no.
- sex looters
- little desire for affection and little respect for victims autonomy and use women as sex objects
- group conformists
- participate in group rapes or gang bangs, follow a leader
- non criminal killing
- excusable justifiable
- criminal killing
- murder manslaughter
- excusable killing
- no negligence or criminal intent ex. state executions
- justifiable killing
- killings resulted from necessity or lawful duty, protection, self defense
- felony murder
- no intent, strict liability ex. rape
- negligent manslaughter
- fault, recklessness ex. drunk driving
- non negligent murder
- not enough malice of forethought, crime of passion
- homicide rates
- highest in latin america us: south,w, mw, ne
- criminal homicide offenders
- mid 20s male disportionately African american disportionalitly poor
- homicide victims
- young male african america
- homicide patterns
- men kill men women kill men if a women is killed it is by a man she kills him in the kitchen he kills her in the bedroom occur among friends, relatives comes out of an argument
- brutalization effect
- area condones violence high rate of death penalty in south
- malice of forethought
- knowledge that through an action or omission, the result will be some one's death
- child abuse
- excessive mistreatment beyond any reasonable explanation
- robbery
- legally a violent crime directly related to community size S, NE, W, MW robbers are career criminals more people in US prisons for robberies than any other crime
- property crimes
- 9 out of 10 crimes committed are property crimes juvenile deliquents commit about 1/2
- occasional crimes
- shoplifting, auto theft, check forgery, vandalism
- 3 types of vandalism typology
- wantom: destructive acts for no gain- fun, risk predatory- for gain, vending machines vindictive: specific targets and victims
- shoplifting
- women and men proportionatly equal women 35 o 45 yrs old booster (professional) snitch (amateur)
- auto theft
- highest rates in canda australia and denmark us: w, s, mw, ne
- types of auto thefts
- joyriding short term transportation long term transportation profit motive
- burglary
- s,w, mw, ne