World Cultures 2
Terms
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- major culture changes that occur as a result of prolonged contact between societies
- acculturation
- the systematic study of human beings, past and present, and their cultures
- anthropology
- the study of material objects, from the past, to describe and explain human behavior
- archaeology
- the branch of anthropology that focuses on the patterns of life in a society
- cultural anthropology
- behaviors common to all cultures, such as marriage, education, and communication
- cultural universals
- all the learned behavior of a group
- culture
- the spread of traits from one culture to another culture
- diffusion
- the process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next. Also called trans-generational learning.
- Enculturation
- the rule that marriage must be within a particular group or category of individuals
- endogamy
- refers to the race, language, customs, and religion of a particular social group in a country
- ethnic group
- the belief that one's own culture is superior to all other cultures
- ethnocentrism
- the rule that marriage must be outside of the group
- exogamy
- a group of related families that live together
- extended family
- persons of many different ethnic, racial, religious, or social backgrounds
- heterogeneous population
- persons who have the same, or similar ethnic, racial, religious or social backgrounds
- homogeneous population
- the "invention" or development of a new trait
- innovation
- the scientific study of all aspects of language
- linguistics
- a common form of marriage which involves the union of one man and one woman
- monogamy
- a punishment that is imposed by a group for behavior that violates its norms
- negative sanction
- patterns of behavior, such as customs and laws, which are obeyed by the majority of the members of a society
- norms
- a mother, a father, and dependent children
- nuclear family
- the systematic study of humans as biological organisms
- physical anthropology
- the marriage custom of a woman having several husbands at the same time
- polyandry
- a marriage in which an individual has more than one spouse at the same time
- polygamy
- the marriage custom of a man having several wives at the same time
- polygyny
- a reward that is given by a group for behavior that conforms to its norms
- positive sanction
- a deliberate attempt by some members of a society to construct a more satisfactory culture
- revitalization movements
- an established form of procedure, particulary in religious ceremonies
- ritual
- behavior which is learned and involves certain rights and duties associated with a position (status)
- role
- a sparsley populated area
- rural
- the division of society into two or more groups ranked from high to low
- stratification
- an individual's position in a society based on prestige
- status
- a culture or subgroup within a larger culture which has distinct and unique characteristics, life-styles, practices and beliefs, yet basically follows the norms of the larger group
- subculture
- a forbidden behavior which is repulsive and unacceptable to a group
- taboo
- a distinct difference between one culture and another
- trait
- a densely populated area
- urban
- things important to a group
- values