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human evoloution

Terms

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Mousterian
Tool culture of Neanderthals
Paranthropus
Genus of vegetarian hominins includes P.aethiopicus, robustus and boisei
Wernicke's area
Area in the brain concerned with recognition of speech
Palaeolithic
Old Stone Age
Ape
Includes gorilla, orangutan, gibbon and chimpanzee. No tail, large brain; brachiating knuckle walkers
Olduwan
Tool culture of Homo habilis
Biological evolution
evolution of bone, muscle, physiology and inherited behaviour
Mesolithic
Middle Stone Age; fishing and foraging for wild grains
Upper Paleolithic
Culture of the Homo sapiens
Australopithecus
Group of extinct omnivorous bipedal hominins. Includes A. anamensis, afarensis, africanus and others
Burin
Tool used for making holes in skins
Foramen magnum
Opening in the skull for attachment of the spinal cord
Valgus Angle
Carrying angle; the angle less than 180' between the femur and tibia. Indicates bipedalism
Bipedalism
Walking on two legs; Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Homo genuses
Cultural Evolution
Evolution of culture; weapons, tools, art, music and ritual
Brachiation
Swinging by arms as apes do
Condyle
Buttress of bone on the base of the femur. Humans have this on the outer base and apes have it on the inner. It prevents collapse of the knee inwards
Quern stone
Rounded stone used for grinding grains into flour
Acheulia
Tool culture of Homo erectus and archaic H. sapiens. Pear shaped hand axes
Neolithic
New Stone Age; agriculture
Broca's Area
Area of brain that produces speech; as it develops leaves an indent on the cranium cavity
Zygomatic arch
Bone structure on side of cheeck through which the chewing muscles go
Prognathism
Having a protruding muzzle
Sexual dimorphism
Where the male is larger and has structural differences from the female

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