Chapter 7 - Respiratory System
Terms
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- septoplasty
- surgy to correct a deviated nasal septum
- bronchopathy
- disease of the bronchus
- pleur/o
- pleura
- Cheyne-Stokes respiration
- repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation oin the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all.
- sudden infant death syndrome
- completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal and healthy infant, usually less than 12 months of age; also called crib death.
- mantoux text
- intradermal test to determine presence of TB infections
- orth/o
- straight
- dys-
- bad; painful
- -pnea
- breathing
- atelectasis
- collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of the lung.
- status asthmaticus
- Severe, prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to repeated doses of bronchodilators and may lead to repiratory failure and death.
- pertussis
- acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound - also called shopping cough
- pneumonitis
- inflammation of the lungs
- septum
- Wall dividing two cavities; for example, the nasal septum that separates the nostrils
- laryngoscopy
- visual examination of the voice box to detect tumors and other abnormalities
- coni/o
- dust
- -capnia
- carbon dioxide
- -thorax
- chest
- steth/o
- chest
- cyan/o
- blue
- acidosis
- Excessive acidity of body fluids, commonly associated with pulmonary insufficiency and the subsequent retention of carbon dioxide.
- oxygen (O2)
- Tasteless, colorless gas essential for human respiration.
- thorac/o
- chest
- phren/o
- diaphragm
- adenoid/o
- adenoids
- antral lavage
- washing or irrigating the sinuses
- pulmonologist
- specialist in lung diseases
- thoracocentesis
- surgical puncture of the chest
- radiography
- producing images using an x-ray machine
- compliance
- ease with which lung tissue can te stretched
- ox/i
- oxygen
- epiglottitis
- severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic stuructures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age.
- pulmonectomy
- removal of the lung
- sept/o
- septum
- -ptysis
- spitting
- pulmonary edema
- accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung tissues and alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure
- aerosol therapy
- inhalation of medication directly into the respiratory system via a nebulizer
- sinus/o
- sinus, cavity
- coryza
- head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)
- stidor
- high-pitched, harsh adventitious breath suond caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstructin in the upper airway.
- pneumoconiosis
- generally occupational disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust, stone dust, iron and asbestos
- tracheostomy
- forming an opening (mouth) in the trachea
- surfactant
- Lipoprotein that decreases the surface tension of alveoli and contributes to their elasticity, thereby reducing the work of breathing.
- bronchospasm
- spasm of the bronchus
- eu-
- good, normal
- sudden infant death syndrome
- known as SIDS
- Expectorants
- reduces the viscosity of sputum to facilitate productive coughing
- rhinitis
- inflammation of the nose
- cytoplasm
- all the material within the cell membrane other than the nucleus
- pulmon/o
- lung
- apnea
- absense of breathing
- deviated nasal septum
- displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils
- bradypnea
- slow breathing
- pleurisy
- inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; all called pleuritis.
- sweat test
- test used primarily in children to confirme cystic fibrosis
- antitussives
- relieve or suppress coughing
- pulmonary
- pertaining to the lung
- naris
- Nostril; opening to the naval cavity
- URI
- Upper respiratory Infection
- alveol/o
- alveolus
- ABG's
- laboratory test to assess gasses and pH of arterial blood
- atel/o
- incomplete; imperfect
- pH
- Symbol tht indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
- bronchi/o
- bronchus
- rale
- abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called crackle.
- pharyng/o
- pharynx
- laryngitis
- inflammation of the larynx
- hypoxemia
- deficiency of oxygen in the blood - also called anoxemia
- nas/o
- nose
- polysomnography
- test of sleep cycles and stages
- epiglott/o
- epiglottis
- ox
- oxygen
- lung scan
- imaging procedure that uses radionuclide to evaluate blood flow in the lungs
- dyspnea
- difficulty breathing
- croup
- common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and, sometimes, lungs characterized by resonant, barking cough; suffocative and difficult breathing; laryngeal spasm; and, sometimes, the formation of the membrane.
- tachypnea
- fast breathing
- asphyxia
- Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
- laryng/o
- larynx
- spir/o
- breathe
- pulmonary embolus
- mass of undissolved matter (such as blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria) int he pulmonary arteries or its branches.
- pneumothorax
- air in the chest
- respiratory failure
- Inability of the cardiac and pulmonary systems to maintain an adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
- -phonia
- voice
- anthrac/o
- coal, coal dust
- carbon dioxide (co2)
- Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process
- granuloma
- Any type of nodular, inflammatory lesion; usually small; may be granualr, firm, and persistent and my contain compactly grouped mononuclear phagorcytes
- antihistamines
- relieve nasal congestion and seasonal allergic rhinitis systoms
- apnea
- temporary loss of breathing
- pneum/o
- air/lung
- lob/o
- lobe
- rhin/o
- nose
- rhinoplasty
- surgical repair of the nose
- anosmia
- Absence of or decrese in the sense of smell.
- trache/o
- trachea
- laryngoscopy
- visual examination of the larynx
- finger clubbing
- enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease.
- pneumectomy
- excision of the entire lung
- throat culture
- used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
- pector/o
- chest
- bronchiol/o
- bronchiole
- rhonchus
- adventitious breath sound that resembles snoring, commonly suggesting secretions int he large airways
- -osmia
- smell
- rhinoplasty
- reconstructive surgery of the nose.
- tachy-
- rapid
- oximetry
- noninvasive test used to monitor the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen
- AFB
- TB organism
- hypoxia
- absence or deficiency of oxygen in the tissues; also called anoxia
- laryngostenosis
- stricture or narrowing of the larynx
- mucosa
- moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment; also call mucous membrane
- wheeze
- whistling or sighing sound on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway.
- brady-
- slow
- sputum
- secretions produced in the lungs and bronchi that are expelled by coughing and may contain such pathological elements as cellular debris, mucus, blood, pus, caseous material, and microorganisms
- epsistaxis
- nosebleed, nasal hemmorage
- pulmonary function studies
- multiple tests used to determine the ability of lungs and capillary membranes to exchange oxygen
- mucus
- Viscous, slippery secretion of mucous membranes that acts as a lubricant and coats and protects many epithelial surfaces, especially the respiratory and genital tracts.
- tonsill/o
- tonsils
- decongestants
- decrease mucous membrane sweling to alleviat nasal stuffiness
- rhinorrhea
- discharge from the nose
- bronchiectasis
- dilation or expansion of the bronchus