WC: Early Africa
Terms
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- two regions of Africa
-
North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa - What Kushite king defeated the Egyptians?
- Pianki
- who introduced laws based on the quran?
-
Askia Muhammed; lesser crimes unpunished
islamic judges - Songhai: people
-
rebellious
skilled traders
farmers/fishers
strong rulers - Songhai: Sunni Ali?
-
conquered timbucktu, djenne
muslim
ruled all of w. africa - Idea that one group left from a central point and spread out thru Africa
- Bantu migrations
- Eastern edge of the Sahel
- Great Rift Valley
-
Climate/landforms at equater:
Climate/landforms in south -
Warm; tropical rainforests
Hot; desert until S. Africa - changamire empire
-
stronger than monomotapa
took over Zimbabwe - Mali: king Sudiata Keita
- Early king: (conquered Old Ghana). Improved agriculture, restored trade routes, collected surplus crops as tax.
- Ghana: kings?
- called ghanas; ruled over trading empire; wealthy from tariffs on salt, gold
- Western Africa: Islam?
- monotheistic, spread religion by trade; africans adopted language and religion
- Mali's capital
- Timbuktu
- What did masks symbolize in sub-saharan Africa?
- link between the living and the dead
- Which society: ivory, frankincense, myrrh, slaves?
- Axum
- Songhai: Askia Muhammed?
-
5 provinces:
governor
tax collector
court of judges
trade inspector - Ghana: decline?
- Attacked by almorarids (N. African Muslim group)
- Which society: crops, fertilizers, salt, gold?
- Mali
- Which society: gold, elephant tusks, timber, iron, bronze weapons, ebony, leopard skins
- Kushites
- Which society: kola nuts, farming produce, gold, iron, animal products?
- Ghana
- Trade shapes ____.
- culture
- Ghana: religion?
- Trade brought Islam, but Muslims had some power
- Zanzibar
- Island; sought after by sailors in search of ivory and gold that came from the coastal city-states of e. africa
- Mali: king Mansa Musa?
- Greatest king; powerful army, Islamic culture (Pilgrimage to Makkah- gave gold away so world price fell); built mosques, etc.
- What was the west African culture that was established between 700-200 B.C. who farmed a lot, adapted to an increasing population...?
- the Nok
- Besides fun and spirituality, what role did music play?
- It helped make work easier because of the rhythm.
- Two rival forces of karanga territories:
-
monomotapa
changamire - What is a society that traces their descent thru mothers?
- Matrilineal
- Ghana: imports?
- Cloth, metal war, swords, salt (from Morocco, Spain)
- Sofala
- Port in present day Mozambique
- One word to describe Africa
- Diverse- many different cultures, many different languages, many different landforms
- Purpose of salt?
- preserve foods
- Two major rivers
-
Congo (Zaire)
Niger - E. african rulers:
- either arab governors or African chieftains
- Songhai downfall?
- Askia Muhammed throw out by his son.
- East coastline trade = ?
- Arab influence (Swahili comes from Arab/African culture)
- result of arab/persian merchants ruling the trading states:
- africans convert to islam
- Western Africa: natural resources?
- gold, minerals, (trade b/c of resources)
- Kilwa
- Port; monopoly of gold trade
- Malindi and Mombasa
- ports north on coast
- Which society: precious stones, gold, slaves, jewelry, pottery, monarchy, boats, and utensils?
- Nubians
- Mali: meaning?
- Where the king resides
- Which society: gold, salt?
- Songhai
- What is the kingdom in the southern part of the Nile River?
- Nubia
- What group developed from the Nubians?
- Kushites
- Who are thought to have invented the boat, utensils, idea of monarchy, etc.?
- Nubians
- Zimbabwe- about
-
largest fortress
polit/relig center of kingdom
w/i wall (oval stone): maze - What was a major trading power that absorbed many elements of the Roman culture (like religion)?
- Axum
- oral tradition
- legends/history passed by word of mouth
- Zimbabwe: meaning?
- "stone house"
- Which Axum king converted to Christianity because of two shipwrecked people?
- Ezana
- What led to the downfall of the Axum?
- Muslim merchants/soldiers raided ports in the 600s ad
- Mali: downfall
- berbers (from N. Sahara), warriors from S. rainforest. Mali split into different states
- what are age sets?
- jobs that depend on age (boys/girls)
- Bantu kingdoms (inland):
-
mined copper/gold
Indian Ocean trade
brought :
silk, porcelain from china
glass beads from india carpets from arabs
pottery from persia - Bantu states in S. Africa struggled in civil wars which resulted in..
- disorder in kingdoms and dirupted trade
- Karanga:
-
Bantu kingdom; 300 stone walled fortresses built.
between zambezi and limpopo rivers - plateau
- relatively high, flat area