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psy 230

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
multidirectional
non-linear progression ex: growth rate of a chile
multicontextual
# of different contexts ex: socioeconomic: education, income, neighborhood, occupation of h.o.h. cultural:values, customes, clothing, housing. historic: computers, war current events.
multicultural
many cultural settings
ex: women who make more $ in japan are less likely to marry while women in sweden who make more $ are more likely to marry.
multidisciplinary
many academic disciplines contribute data
ex: bisocial, cognative, psychosocial
plasticity
personality and bodies change through life span, capacity to change
ex: risk and resilency
scientific method
1.formulate research question
2.develope hypthesis
3.test hypothesis
4.draw conclusions
5.make findings available
psychoanalytic theoirists
freud-stages
erickson-stages
behaviorism
classical conditioning-Pavlov-neutral stimulis is conditioned to be associated with a meaningful stimulus
operant conditioning-Skinner-response gradually learned via reinforcement or punishment
"little albert"- Watson
social learning
modeling-people observe and copy behavior
most likely to occur of model is admired or observer is inexperienced-Bandura
Cognative theory
Piaget-stages
sensorimotor
pre-opperational
concrete operational
formal operational
sociocultural-vygotsky
epigenetic
interatction between genes and environment
zone of proximal development
sociocutural idea- range of skills that a learner can exercise and master with assistance ex: i wouldn't want to take basketball lessons from micheal jordon or gold lessons from tiger woods
cross sectional research
research method with groups who differ in age but share other important characteristics are compared
longitudinal
same individuals are studied over long period of time
periods of dev.
germinal-1st 14 days
embryonic-3rd-8th week
fetal-9th week-birth
age of viability
22 weeks
brain structures
neruons-brain cell
axons-send impulses (ARM)
dendrites-recive impluses (FIGNERS)
synapse-space between dendirte and axon
myelin-fat layer increses transmission rate
reflexes
breathing
rooting-brushing side of mouth turns to feed
sucking
grasping
moro-arms reaching
babinski-fanning of foot
stepping
SIDS
peaks 2-4 months
temp and smoke
asian-less likley
black-twice as likely
am Ind-highest rates
at birth how many neurons are prsenent
>100 million
gross motor skills
and milestones
tummy time-practice turning
head up, crawling, creeping, and walking
fine motor development
grabbing, pointing, holding, transfering object from hand to hand (eye hand coordination-6 mo)
st 1 and 2
primary circular reactions
focus on infant's own body
St 1-reflexes birth-1m
St 2-adaptations of reflexes 1m-4m
st 3 and 4
secondary circular reactions
feedback loop involving people and objects
St 3-making events last longer (repition, awareness, logic)4m-8m
St 4-New adaptaion and anticipation (goal directed behavior, object permanence)8m-12m
st 5 and 6
Tertiary circular reactions
feeback loop involves active experimentation and exploration ( creativity, ideas)
St 5-new means through active experimentation (little scientist) 12m-18m
St 6-new means through mental combos involves modeling 18m-24m

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