Energy TCU Test 1
Terms
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- Energy
- The capacity to do work
- Work
- The product of force times the distance through which the force acts. In British system of units represented by foot-pounds (ft*lb). In the metric system represented by newton-meters (N*m).
- Joule
- The metric unit of energy. Defined as 1 J = 1 N*m. 1 ft-lb is the same as 1.36 joules
- Chemical energy
- The energy stored in certain chemicals or materials that can be released by chemical reactions, often combustion.
- Heat energy
- The energy associated with random molecular motions within any medium. (interchangeable with thermal)
- Mass energy
- E=mc^2. the formula gives the amount of energy, E, represented by a mass, m. The symbol c stands for the speed of light (3x10^8 m/sec)
- Kinetic energy
- A form of mechanical energy dealing with mass in motion (KE=1/2mv^2 where v is velocity)
- Potential energy
- associated with position in a force field. (PE=w*h where w is weight and h is height)
- Electric energy
- nothing can be seen, either stationary or in motion, but the effects can be readily apparent. If an electric charge q is taken to a higher electric potential (higher voltage) V, then it is capable of releasing its potential energy, given by PE=q*V, in some other form such as heat or mechanical energy.
- Electromagnetic radiation
- The energy radiated by the sun travels to the earth and elsewhere by ________. Ex. Radio, Microwave, TV
- Power
- The time rate of using or supplying energy. (Power= energy/time). In the British system, the unit of power is the horsepower. In the metric system, we use watts, where 1 W= 1 J/sec.
- BTU (British thermal unit)
- defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree fahrenheit.
- Calorie
- the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree celsius.
- Energy efficiency
- Percentage of the total energy input that does useful work and is not converted into low-quality, usually useless heat in an energy conversion system or process. See energy quality, net energy. Compare material efficiency.
- Energy consumption
- a measure of the amount of electricity used by consumers
- energy production
- Since energy cannot be created or destroyed, this refers to getting energy into a more usable form
- fossil fuels
- A hydrocarbon deposit, such as petroleum, coal, or natural gas, derived from living matter of a previous geologic time and used for fuel.
- renewable energy
- Any source of energy that can be continually produced and is inexhaustible given current conditions.
- nonrenewable energy
- A source of energy that is a finite supply capable of being exhausted.
- geothermal
- of, having to do with, or produced by action of the internal heat of the earth:
- hydroelectric
- of or relating to or used in the production of electricity by waterpower
- energy conservation
- The practice of reducing energy use.
- nuclear fusion
- a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy. Ex. what goes on in the sun
- nuclear fission
- a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy
- energy transformation
- A change from one form of energy to another
- photosynthesis
- process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
- proved reserve
- quantities of a resource that can be extracted profitably from known deposits
- resource
- A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.
- primary recovery
- Drilling a well and pumping out the lighter crude oil that flows out of the rock pores by gravity into the bottom of the well
- secondary recovery
- methods are used to recover more oil, such as forcing water or gas into wells to drive the oil out
- tertiary recovery
- Steam is pumped into a well to lower the viscosity of the oil. Aggressive pumping of gas or chemicals can be pumped into a well. These methods are expensive and only used with high oil prices.
- enhanced recovery
- To get the last bits of oil from an oil feild by injecting carbon dioxide.
- fractional distillation
- A process of petroleum refining, by which a chemical mixture such as petroleum is separated into its components depending on the different boiling points of components.
- thermal cracking
- Mixture of alkanes (natural gas) passed through very hot metal tubes at 1000°C with steam to make small alkenes.
- catalytic conversion
- the conversion of the lignocelluloses (cellulose) found in biomass, such as; dried grasses, wood (wood waste, wood chips, etc.), agricultural waste, vegetable residual, food waste, etc. into commodity fuel products.
- polymerization
- a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound
- methane
- made up of carbon and hydrogen. 1 carbon and 4 Hydrogen
- peat
- partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water
- lignite
- intermediate between peat and bituminous coal
- bituminous
- the second-purest form of coal.
- anthracite
- a coal that burns with very little smoke or flame; hard coal. Highest percent of carbon
- oil shale
- a soft, fine-grained sedimentary rock from which oil and natural gas are obtained.
- marlstone
- metamorphic rock with approximately the same composition as marl
- kerogen
- Solid, waxy mixture of hydrocarbons found in oil shale rock. Heating the rock to high temperatures causes the kerogen to vaporize. The vapor is condensed, purified, and then sent to a refinery to produce gasoline, heating oil, and other products. See also oil shale, shale oil.
- bitumen
- a fairly hard, dark brown or black rock; the third stage of coal formation
- tar sands
- rock or sand layers that contain oil and Bitumen
- Principle of energy conservation
- It states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time
- watt
- metric unit for power
- What percent of the World Wide Coal Reserves are in the US?
- 25%
- How many gallons of oil can be extracted from one ton of rock?
- 25 gallons