Medical Terminology Notes for Ch 5-6
Terms
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- prone
- laying face down and flat
- cellulitis
- an acute inflammation of subcutaneous tissue resulting from bacterial invasion through a break in the skin
- crepitation
- grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones
- cetology
- study of whales
- muscle
- tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body
- purpura
- a growing reddening of skin
- exostosis
- a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage
- xeroderma
- dry skin
- articulation
- a joint; point where two bones come together
- malar
- refers to the maxillary area (cheeks)
- impetigo
- highly contagious bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted- most often occurs around the mouth and nostrils
- rhabd/o
- rod shaped or striated
- adduction
- movement toward the body
- cost/o
- rib
- cytology
- the study of cells
- pediculosis capitis
- head lice
- ecchy-
- pouring out of blood under skin
- extension
- straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased
- onychia
- inflammation of the fingernail or toenail
- histology
- tissue
- stratum spinosum
- above the basal layer
- arthralgia
- joint pain
- epidermal tumors
- skin tumors arising from the epidermis
- lei/o
- smooth
- malar butterfly
- reddening of the maxillary area due to an allergic reaction if not treated it can spread to the eyes and into the brain
- smooth muscle
- involuntary muscle found in internal organs
- herpes
- "creeping skin disease"
- closed comedo
- below the skin surface with a white center
- toxophile
- one who loves archery
- spondyl/o, vertebr/o
- vertebra
- secondary lesions
- lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
- Kaposi Sarcoma
- a malignant tumor og the walla of blood vessels appearing as painless, dark plaques on the skin, often spreads to lymph nodes and intrnal organs.
- excoriation
- a scratch mark
- ichthyosis
- a skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin
- varicella
- a tiny spot; chickenpox
- herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
- STD; ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa
- tumor
- a solid mass larger than 1-2 cm
- wheal
- an area of localized skin edema
- chondr/o
- cartilage
- sequela
- disorder or condition after, and results from, a previous disorder, disease, or injury
- yellow bone marrow
- gradually replaces red marrow with age. functions as a storage for fat tissue and is inactive in formation of blood cells
- ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
- tendon (to stretch)
- rotation
- circular movement of an axis
- skin grafting
- transfer of skin from one body site to another to replace skin lost through burns or injury
- myc/o
- fungus
- antipruritic
- a drug that relieves itching
- keratin
- hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails
- medial
- toward the middle
- purpur/o
- purple
- melanin
- skin pigment contained in melanocytes
- urticaria
- hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itch
- erect
- normal standing position
- papule
- solid mass on skin up to .5 cm in diameter
- pediculosis
- infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis
- cott-
- woodland
- eruption
- appearance of a skin lesion
- scabies
- a contagious disease caused by a parasite that invades the skin, causing an intense itch-most often found at articulations between the fingers or toes or elbow
- herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
- transient viral vesicles (eg cold sores, fever blisters) that infect facial area esp. mouth and nose
- cicatrix of the skin
- scar; mark left by the healing of a wound or sore that shows replacement of destroyed tissue
- periosteum
- a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
- rubelola
- reddish; 14-day measles
- ecchymosis
- bruise, a black and blue mark- large purpura
- cutaneous lupus
- limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash especially on the face, neck , and scalp
- dermatitis
- an inflammation of the skin. itching, redness and various lesion
- exsudate
- a secretion that is oozing out, external moisture
- rash
- a general term for skin eruption
- electrodesiccation
- use of short, high-frequency, electric currents to destroy tissue by drying
- precipitate
- substance that fell out of solution/ became separated
- ichthy/o
- fish
- hemoptysis
- spitting up of blood
- synovial fluid
- lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
- anhydrous
- without water
- ostealgia, osteodynia
- bone pain
- ecchymosis
- bruising or bleeding under skin
- ana-
- up
- -poiesis
- formation of
- antihistamine
- a drug blocks the effects of histamine in the body
- pelv/i, pelv/o
- hip bone or pelvic cavity
- sitology
- study of food
- dermatosis
- any disorder of the skin
- supination
- turning upward or forward of the palmar surface or plantar surface
- myalgia, myodynia
- muscle pain
- antibiotic
- a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
- bone
- specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes forming the skeleton
- first- degree burn
- a burn involving only the epidermis, characterized by erythema and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)
- chemotherapy
- treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells of impair their ability to reproduce
- nodule
- a solid mass greater than 1 cm, whcih extends deeper into the epidermis
- hidr/o
- sweat
- calque
- 2 words whose parts are different language but same meaning
- comedo (plural: comedos, comedones)
- a plug of sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
- autograft
- transfer to a new position on the body of the same person (auto=self)
- triskaidecaphobia
- afraid of #13
- seb/o
- sebum (oil)
- chemosurgery
- a technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by application of an acid solution to "peel" away the top layers of the skin
- xer/o
- dry
- kyph/o
- humpback
- auscultation
- stethoscope listening
- emphysema
- problem of expelling air so you can't intake any more
- fascia
- a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
- keloid
- an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue
- seborrhea
- a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands
- setpum
- dividing partition
- verruca
- an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus aka a wart
- transverse plane
- horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
- lateral
- toward the side
- vesicle
- " little bladder;" and elevated, fluid filled blister within or under the epidermis up to .5 cm in diameter
- trich/o
- hair
- striated (skeletal) muscle
- voluntary striated muscle attached to the skeleton
- xenograft , heterograft
- a graft transfer from one animal species to one of another species
- telangiectasia
- tiny red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole
- melanocyte
- cells that gives color to the skin
- red bone marrow
- functions in the formation of RBC's, some WBC's, and platelets. found in the flat bones of adults and in most bones in infants
- cardiac muscle
- muscle in the heart that is both striated and smooth
- erythema
- redness of skin
- melan/o
- black
- synovial membrane
- membrane lining the capsule of a joint
- inversion
- turning inward
- axial skeleton
- skull, vertebral column, chest, hyoid bone
- ligament
- a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
- sudoriferous glands
- sweat glands
- hyperpigmentation
- darkened areas of skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin
- hist/o, histi/o
- tissue
- brachi/o
- arm
- rubella
- reddish; german measles
- dermato/o, derm/o, cutane/o
- skin
- syndesis
- fusion of the vertebral/spinal bones
- myel/o
- bone marrow or spinal cord
- spongy (cancellous) bone
- mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run
- radi/o
- radius
- -clasis
- to fracture (intentional to begin a better formation)
- erosion
- to gnaw away; loss of superficial epidermis leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding
- crust
- dried residue of serum (body loquid), pus, or blood on the skin
- onych/o
- nail
- eversion
- turning outward
- lord/o
- bent
- bone marrow
- soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bones
- abduction
- movement away from the body
- alopecia
- bladness, natural or unatural deficiency of hair
- sarc/o
- flesh
- toxophilia
- enjoyment of archery
- anti-inflammatory
- a drug that reduces inflammation
- ulcer
- an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar, sometimes accompanied by infection
- sclerotherapy
- use of sclerosing agents in treating diseases (eg. injection of a saline solution into a dilated blood vessel tumor in the skin, resulting in hardening of tissue within an eventual sloughing away of the lesion
- kerat/o, scler/o
- hard
- skin pigmentation
- skin color due to presence of melanin
- coronal (frontal) plane
- vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
- lumb/o
- loin (lower back)
- ultraviolet therapy
- use of ultraviolet light to promote healing of a skin lesion
- stern/o
- sternum (breastbone)
- -ation
- a making of a act
- bursa
- fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones lined with synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
- dermis
- dense, fibrous connective tissue layer in the skin
- stratum corneum
- topmost layer of skin, composed of dead skin cells
- atrophy
- shrinking of tissue such as muscle
- ankyl/o
- crooked or stiff
- radiation therapy
- treatment of neoplastic disease by using ionizing radiation to deter proliferation of malignant cells
- plaque
- solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter but only on surface of the skin
- open comedo
- open to the skin surface with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air
- dysmorphophobia
- unable to accept one's own body
- inferior
- situated below another structure, away from the head
- appendicular skeleton
- bones of shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
- antifungal
- a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi
- bulla
- blister larger than .5 cm
- posterior
- back of the body
- stratum granulosum
- above the starum spinosum but below the stratum licidum
- axis
- line that runs through the center of the body or a body part
- short bones
- bones of wrists and ankles
- psoriasis
- an itching; a chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by silver-gray scales covering red patches on the skin
- plas/o
- formation
- ton/o
- tone or tension
- sesamoid bones
- round bones found near joints (ie patella)
- sebacious glands
- oil glands in the skin
- malacia
- softening of
- debridement
- removal of dead tissue from a wound of burn site
- cherry angioma
- small round brigth red blood vessel tumor on skin
- irregular bones
- bones of vertebrae and face
- malacology
- study of mollusks
- leuk/o
- white
- pediculosis pubis
- lice that generally infect the pubic region
- dorsiflexion
- bending of the foot or toes upward
- proximal
- toward the beginning or origin of a structure
- adip/o, seart/o, lio/o
- fat
- malignant melanoma
- a malignant tumor composed of malanocytes- most develop from a pigmented nevus over time
- percussion
- striking or thumping during a physical examination
- tinea
- a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part that is affected. Latin for grub
- electrocautery
- use of an instrument heated by electric current to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tisue
- Mohs surgery
- a technique used to excise tumors of the skin by removing fresh tissue layer by layer until a tumor-free plane is reached
- endosteum
- membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
- arthr/o
- joint articulation
- decubitus
- laying down especially in a bed
- anesthetic
- a drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to produce a loss of sensations
- analgesic
- without pain/ removes pain
- primary lesions
- lesions arising from previously normal skin
- pustule
- pus-filled sac (ie a pimple)
- xanth/o
- yellow
- tendon
- a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
- kat-
- whales
- fulguration
- to lighten; use of long high frequency electric sparks to destroy tisue. active electrode does not touch skin
- crani/o
- skull
- flaccid
- flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone
- depigmentation
- loss of melanin pigment in the skin
- tox-
- bow
- long bones
- bones of arms and legs
- albinism
- a heredetary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment
- lupus
- a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body
- cryosurgery
- destruction of tissue by freezing- involves extremely cold chemical (ie liquid nitrogen)
- sagittal plane
- vertical division of the body into right and left portions
- articular cartilage
- a gristle like substance found on the articulation points of bones
- nevus
- a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular- aka a mole
- dermabrasion
- surgical removal of frozen epidermis using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars
- homograft
- donor transfer between individuals of the same species such as human to human
- flat bones
- bones of ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull
- epithelium
- cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body
- dactyl/o
- digit (finger or toe)
- patell/o
- knee cap
- pronation
- turning downward or backward of the palmar surface or plantar surface
- histamine
- a regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflamation of tissues
- second-degree burn
- burn involving the epidermis and dermis, characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters)
- medullary cavity
- cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
- diaphysis
- shaft of a long bone
- epiphysis
- wide ends of a long bone (physis=growth)
- erythr/o
- red
- scale
- a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis
- plantar flexion
- bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
- oste/o
- bone
- supine
- horizontal recumbent- flat on back
- fasci/o
- fascia (a band)
- compact bone
- tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending
- proctologist
- anal doctor
- subcutaneous tissue
- connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis
- macule (macula)
- flat discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (ie freckle)
- collagen
- protein substance found in the skin and connective tissue
- third-degree burn
- an acute inflammation of subcutaneous tissue resulting from a bacterial invasion through a break in the skin
- anterior
- front of the body
- biopsy
- removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathological examination
- hypopigmentation
- areas of skin lacking color due to deficient amounts of melanin
- squam/o
- scale
- curettage
- to clean; scraping of a wound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; used in de
- paronychia
- inflammation of the nail fold
- distal
- away from the beginning or origin of a structure
- dysplastic nevus
- a mole with precancerous changes
- recumbent
- laying down
- mycology
- fungus
- fissure
- a linear crack in the skin
- metaphysis
- growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often the vital organs
- hypertrophy
- increase in size of tissue such as muscle
- pig skin
- closest to human skin. used in mummy research laboratories
- scoli/o
- twisted
- stratum licidum
- above the stratum granulosum but below the stratum corneum
- femor/o
- femur
- lesion
- area of pathologically altered tissue (primary and secondary types)
- stratum basale
- deepest layer of epidermis
- entomology
- study of insects
- euphemism
- substitution of a word for a similar meaning
- uln/o
- ulna
- rosacea
- dermatological affliction causing redness of the skin and cheeks
- thorac/o
- chest
- prophylacsis
- providing sterile safeguards against infection or contamination
- patch
- flat discolored are larger than a macule
- superior
- above another structure, toward the head
- vascular lesions
- lesions of a blood vessel
- cervic/o
- neck
- my/o, myos/o, muscul/o
- muscle
- flexion
- bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
- fibr/o
- fiber
- suppuration
- production of purulent matter (pus)
- pruritus
- severe itching
- antiseptic
- an agent that inhibits the growth of infectious microorganisms
- erythropoiesis
- formation of red blood cells