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science midterm

Terms

undefined, object
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what is satellite?
is an object that orbits around another object in space
how is work caculated?
work= force x distance the si unit for work is joule
net force
the combination of all forces acting on an object. its determines whether an object moves and also in what direction.
different types of pulleys
fixed pulleys, movable pulleys, and block and tackle
horse latitude
warm air that rises at the equator divides and flows both north and south.
qualitative
deals with descriptions that can't be expressed in numbers.
calculating velocity
average speed=distance/time
convection
the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids.
what is the archimedes pricinple?
states that the buoyant force acting on a submerged objectis equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces.
water cycle steps
evaporation , condensation , precipitation ( first to last)
what is work?
when you exert force on an object that causes the object to move some distance. work is done on an object when the object moves the same direction in which the force is exerted
what is force?
is a push or a pull and its measured with the SI unit Newton
eletronic waves
a form of energy that can move through vacum space
flying disk and air planes
bernoulli's priciple explains that the faster-moving air following the disk's curved upper surface like a plane exerts less pressure than the slower- moving air beneath.
sea breeze
is a local wind that blow from the ocean and its during the day
craters
large round pits.they were caused by the impacts of meteorids.
what is pascal's principle?
when force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is trans mitted equally to all parts of the fluids.
what is physical science?
any of the natural science, such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology that analyzethe nature and properties of energy and nonliving world.
quantitative
deals with number or amounts
momentum
all moving objects have what newtonscalled a "quantity of motion" what we call to day momentum.
factors affecting gravity
two factors affecting gravitational attraction betwwen objects: mass and distance
scattering
is a general physical process whereby some forms of radiation, such as light, sound or moving particles,
equinoxes
this occurs two times aa year , when the noon sun is directly overhead at the equator.
what is power?
is the rate in which work is done. power equals the amount of work done on an object in a unit of time
projectile
an object that is thrown.eventully , the upward motion of the object will stop , and gravity will pull it back toward the ground. from this point, the projectile will fall at the same rateas any dropped object.
friction
the strenght of the force of friction depends on two factors:how hard the surface pushes together and thypes of sufaces involved.
what is wind?
winds are caused by by differences in air pressure
universal gravitation
the law of universal graviation states that the force of gravity acts between all objects in the universe. this means that any two objectsin the universe, withiut exection , attract each other.
balanced force
equal forces acting on one object in opposite directions
highland
the peacks of the lunar highland and the rims of the craters cast dark shadow.
tides
tides are caused mainly bu difference in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts of earth.
what is motion?
change in distance compared to the refrence point
caculating mechanical advantage
mechanical advantage= output force / onput force
the types of smog
london and photochemical
solstices
each of these days, when the sun is the farthest north or south of the equator
lunar eclipse
occurs at full moon when the earth is directly between the moon and the sun.
relative humidity
is the percentage of water vapor that is actually in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at a particular temperature
what is centripetal force?
any force that causes an object to move in a circular path
composition of the atmosphere
is made up of nitrigen, oxygen , cardon dioxide water vapor and many other gases as well as particules of liquids a n solids.
what is buoyancy?
water and other fluids exert an upward force. the buyancy acts in the direction opposite to the force of gravity , so it makes an object fell lighter.
unbalanced force
force acting on an object result in a net force and cause a change in the object's motion
visible light
includes all the colrs you can see in the rainbow: red , orange ,green , blue , purple, and yellow
conduction
the direct transfer of heat from one sibstance to another substance that is touching
revolution
is the movement of one object around another.
types of friction
static friction,sliding friction,rolling friction ,and fluid friction
weight vs.mass
mass is measure of the amount of matter in an object. weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object
calculating speed
speed =distance /time
what is a machine?
is a device that allows you to do work in a way that is easier. a machine makes works easier by changing one of three factors. a machine may change the amount of force you exxert. the distance over which you exerts your force , or in which direction you exert your force
prediction
is thinking what is going to happen next or what happened already
what is the bernoulli's principle?
states that the faster a fluid moves, the less pressure the fluid exerts.
types of precipitation
rain , sleet, freezing rain, snow , and hail
efficiency
of a machine compares to the output work to the input work.
chimneys
smoke rises up the chimney because hot air rises, and partly becaise it is pushed. winds blowing across the top of the chimneys lowers the air pressure there. the higher pressure at the bottom pushes sir and smoke up the chimneys
how does the hydraulic system work?
uses liquids to transmit pressure in a confined fluid. a hydralic system multiplies force by applying the force to a small surface area. the increase in pressure is then transmitted to another part of the confined fluid , which pushes on a larger surface area.
the six basic types of simple machines
the inclined plane, the wedge, the screw, the lever, the wheel and axle, and the pulley
importances of the atmosphere
makes condition on earth suitable for living things
scientific method steps
test your hypothesis, analyze results, draw a conclusion about your hypothsis , and communicate your results.
what is the SI system
is the system of measurement that all scientist around the world use so they can understand each other
atomizers
when you squeeze the rubber bulb ,air moves quickly past the top of the tube. the moving air lowers the pressure at the topof the tube. the greater pressurein the flack pushes the liquid into small drops, and the liquid comes out as mist.
maria
the moon's parts that has dark and flat areas. are actually hardened rock formed from huge lava flow that occured betwwen 3 and 4 billions years ago.
how does the altidute affect air pressure and density
air pressure decreases as altitude increases. as air pressure decreases , so does th e density.
solar eclipse
a solar eclipse occur when the moon passes directly betweenearth and the sun, blocking the sunlight from earth.
freefall
when the only force acting on an object is gravity. in free fall the force of gravity is an unbalanced force, which causes an object to accelerate.
calculating efficiency
efficiency= output work / inputwork x 100%
proteus boat
a boat that mimics peguins swimming style, the boat is less than 4 meters long ,and it swims 2 meters per second
land breeze
it is a t nigtht and the wind comes from the land .
properties of air
because air has mass, it also has other properties , including density and pressure.
what is science?
a way of learning about the natural world through observations and logical reasoning; leads to a body of knowledge.
global convection currents
warm air rises at the equator, and cold air sinks at the poles. therefore air pressure tend to be lower near the equator and greater at the poles. this defferencesin pressure causes winds st earth's surface to bow from poles toward the equator. higher in the atmosphere, however, air flows away from the equator toward the poles.
what is fluid pressure?
is a material that flows easily flows.
calculating momentum
momentum=mass x velocity
what is pressure?
it refers to a force exerted over an area on the surface of an object. the unit for pressure is pascal and 1N/mcube = 1 pascal
rotation
the spinning of earth on its axis
gravity
is a force that pulls objects toward each other
layers of the atmosphere
(bottom to top) troposphere whether occurs, stratosphere ozone layer is located, mesosphere meteorids burn here,thermosphere never ends and the ionosphere and the exosphere are located there.
the theory of tectonic plates
states that earth's plates move slowly in various directions.according to the theoryof the plates tectonocs, earth's landmass have changed position over time because they are part of the plates that are slowly moving.
action- reaction forces
you can't always detect it. action and reaction do not cancel out because they are acting on different objects.
newton's second law
according to newton's second lawof motion, acceleration depends on the object's mass and the net force acting on the object.
seasons on earth
march equinox is on the top, december solstice is on the right, september equinox is on the bottom ,and june solstice is on the left
newton's first law
newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest will remain in reat, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless it is acted upon by a unbalanced force
newton's third law
newton's third law of motion statse that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second objects exerts a force of equal strenght in the opposite directionon the first object.
calculating density
density= mass / volume
origin of the moon
scientist theorize that a planet-sized object collide with earth to form the moon.
what is a compound machines?
is a machine that ultilzes two or more simple machines. the ideal mechanical advantage of a compound machine is the product of the individual ideal mechanical advantages of the simple machines that make it up.
calculating acceleration
acceleration= final speed - intial speed/time
estimate
an educated guess
sources of pollution
some air pollution occurs naturally. but many types of air pollution are results of human activities.
eclipses
when the moon's shadow hits earth or earth's shadow hits the moon, ans a eclipse occurs
earth's plates movement
as more heated material rises,it pushes aside cooler material at the top of the layer. eventually the cooler material creates a slow-moving current beneath earth's outer layer.it is this current that causes the earth's plates to move.
air resistance
object falling through air experiencea type of fluid friction.air resistance is not the same for all objects. falling objects with greater surface experience more air resistance.air resistance increases velocity. as a falling object speeds up , the force of air resistance becomes greater
how is power calculated?
power= work / time or power = force x distance/ time . the si unit for power is joules per second ( J/ s)
wind chill factor
the wind blowing over your skin removes body heat
radiation
is the direct transfer of energy by elctromagnetic waves.

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