science chapter foru
Terms
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- oceans
- the oceans are earth's most dominant features, covering more than 7/10 of the planet's surface
- hydrostatic pressure
- oceanographes measure water pressure, called --------- in units of psi or bars
- ocean currents
- large streams of ocean water that flow as a unit at or below the surface, may be created by wids or differences in density
- scuba
- contained underwater breathing apparatus
- density current
- one common type of subsurface current is the _______ which results from differences in density as its name suggests
- oceanswells
- gentle rolling waves that may appear even during calm weather are called
- oceanographic research ship
- perhaps the most important tool of the oceanographer is the
- turbidity current
- an unusual type of density current called a ________ occurs when mud or silt mixes with seawater
- sodium chloride
- about 78% of this sea salt is _________ or ordinary table salt
- tides
- the most regular and preditable movements of water in the oceans are
- oceanography
- the study of the earth's oceans, seas, and their basins is called
- thermocline
- the boundary where cold, deep weater meets the sun-warmed water nearer the surface is called the
- spring tide
- a tide that is higher than normal at high tide and lower than normal at low tide
- midoceanic ridges
- underwater mountain ranges called ______ are found in every ocean
- neap tides
- twice a month halfway between the spring tides are weaker than normal tides called
- glacier
- a thick sheet of ice called a
- icebergs
- eventually, the glacier may reach the cold sea and fragment forming huge chunks of floating glacial ice called
- challenger deep
- the deepest known point in the sea called the
- trenches
- teh greatest deeps are found in the _____ huge muddy valleys that cut through portions of teh abyssal plains
- rip current
- are dangerous surface currents which carry large volumes of water back to the sea through channels between incoming breakers
- ocean basins
- the deep depressions in the earth's surface that contain the oceans, were relatively smooth and featurless
- counter-current
- the current filling in the void is called a _______ a current that flows in teh opposite direction either beside or beneath the surface current
- surf
- after a wave breaks, it washes up onto the beach in a pounding mass of foaming water called
- tisunamis
- largest waves of all are not formed by wind, usually begin far from land with an earthquake volcanic explosion or undersea landslide
- seamounts
- underwater volcanic mountains that rise more than 900 m above teh sea floor are called
- submersibles
- small research submarines called
- waves
- are rhythmic back and forth motions of water that transferenergy through the water
- oceanographic buoys
- floating observation stations taht automaticlly take measurements and transmit the data to oceanographers
- FLIP
- floating instrument platform
- breaker
- it breaks, or topples forward to form
- salinity
- is the measure of the quantity of dissolved solids in seawater