Kinetics Definitions
Terms
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- Biopharmaceutics
- the study of the factors influencing the bioavailability of a drug in man and animal and the use of this information to optimize the pharmacological and therapeutic activity of drug products.
- Pharmacokinetics
- the study of the kinetics of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs and their corresponding pharmacologic, therapeutic, or toxic responses.
- Absorption
- the process by which a drug is transferred from the site of administration to the site of measurement.
- Distribution
- the process of reversible drug transfer to and from the site of measurement
- Excretion
- the irreversible loss of drug in a chemically unchanged form.
- Metabolism
- the process of conversion of one chemical species into another
- Elimination
- The irreversible loss of drug from the site of measurement
- Onset of action
- the time at which the administered drug reaches the therapeutic range or begins to produce the effect
- Termination of Action
- The time at which the drug concentration in the plasma falls below the minimum effective concentration and stops producing the pharmacologic effect.
- Therapeutic Range
- the plasma or serum concentration range within which the drug is most likely to produce the therapeutic effect
- Duration of Action
- the time span beginning from the onset of action up to the termination of action
- Passive Diffusion
- a process by which a drug molecule moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to a concentration gradient. The membrane plays a passive role.
- Elimination half-life
- The time at which the amount and/or concentration of drug in the body becomes 50% of the previous or initial concentration and or amount as soon as equilibrium is reached following the administration of a dose
- Apparent Volume of Distribution
- A proportionality constant whose sole purpose is to relate the plasma concentration with the amount of drug in the body at that time.
- Linear Pharmacokinetics
- A directly proportional relationship observed between the concentration and/or amount of drug and the administered dose of the drug.
- Renal Clearance
- The drug or the fraction thereof that is removed from the blood by the process of renal extraction
- Clearance
- a proportionality constant describing the relationship between a substance's rate of elimination at a time and its corresponding concentration in an appropriate fluid at a time
- Systemic Clearance
- A proportionality constant that relates the rate of drug elimination to the plasma or serum concentration at that time.
- Metabolic Clearance
- The drug or fraction thereof that is removed from the blood by the process of metabolism.
- Hepatic Clearance
- the drug or fraction thereof that is removed from the blood by the process of metabolism.