Psych 5679
Terms
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- Congnition
- Thinking+knowing remembering, and communicating
- 4 parts of Basic cognition
- Cognitive Psychology Mental Representation Categories 2 basic terms in knowledge Concept and Prototpye
- Concept
- Mental grouping of Similair objects, events, ideas, or people
- Logical Conception
- Clearly Defined
- Natural Conception
- Fuzzy Boundaries
- 4 Problem solving and Decision making Strategies
- Algorithms Hueristics Incubation periods Insight
- Algorithms
- computers use this approach methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solution Drawback:none may apply to a particular problem
- Hueristics
- simple thinking strategies that often lead to correct conclusion usually speedier than algorithms; more error-prone than algorithms
- Examples of Hueristic
- Representative Hueristic Availability Hueristic
- Representative Hueristic
- judging te liklihood of things based on how wwell they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant infomation
- Availabilty Heuristic
- estimating the liklihood of events based on availabilty in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common; example: airplane crash
- Insight
- sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; contrasts with strategy-based solutions
- 7 Obstacles of Problem solving and Decision making Strategies
- 1. Mental set 2. Functional fixedness 3. Irrelevant information 4. Confirmation bias 5. Framing 6. Overconfidence 7. Belief perserverance
- Evolutional Psychology
- Study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection
- Natural Selection
- the principle that, among the range of inherited trais variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
- Mutation
- a random error in gene replication that leads to genetic damage
- Behavior Genetics
- study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences
- Environment
- every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
- Temperament
- a persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
- Interaction
- the effect of one factor(such as the environment) depends on another factor(such as heredity)
- Teratogens
- anything that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal developement and cause harm(ex:Alcohol, smoke)
- Piagets Stages of Cognitive Developement(the ability to reason Studies)
- Sensorimotor(birth-2yrs.) Preoperational(2-6/7yrs.) Concrete operations(6/7 yrs. - 11/12yrs.) Formal Operationss(12 yrs.-Adult)
- Sensorimotor(birth-2yrs.)
- Reflexes object performances
- Preoperational(2-6/7yrs.)
- egocentrism-self centered illogical thinking centration no conservation
- Concrete Operations(6/7-11/12yrs.)
- conservation logical thinking decentration
- Formal Operations(12yrs.-Adult)
- abstract reasoning
- Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
- birth-1 year 1-3 years 3-6 years 6-12 years Adolescence Young adulthood Middle adulthood Late adulthood
- birth- 1 year of Psychosocial development
- trust versus mistrsu sense of security develops
- 1-3 years of the Psychosocial Development
- Autonomy versus shame and doubt Discovers independence
- 3-6 years of the Psychosocial Development
- Initiate versus Guilt trying new things
- 6-12 Years of the Psychosocial Development
- Industry versus inferiority Gains a sense of mastery and competence
- Adolence of the Psychosocial Development
- Identity versus role confusion Sense of self, personal values and beliefs
- Young adulthood of the Psychosocial Development
- Intimacy versus isolation Commiting to mutually loving relationship
- Middle adulthood of the Psychsocial Development
- Generavity versus stagnation Contributing to society through one's work, family, or community services
- Late adulthood of the Psychosocial of Development
- Ego integrity versus despair Viewing one's life as satisfactory and worthwhile
- In late adulthood Dr.Siebert's Theory of Bipolar Groups
- Two Groups;Living and complaining
- Descriptions of the Two Bipolar groups
- World view and Challenges fun money self image retirement sexuality marriage/partner off spring use it or lose it integrity versus despair life satisfaction reintegration and the meaning of life
- Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Five propsed stages in approaching death
- 1. Denial("It must be a mistake.") 2. Anger("It isn't fair.") 3. Bargaining("Let me live longer and I'll be a better person.") 4. Depression("I've lost everything importatn to me.") 5. Accepted("What has to be, has to be.")
- Generalization
- Little Albert began being scared of all white fury things.
- Classical conditioning
- about naturally occuring(reflexive) behavior (also called respondent behavior)
- Ivan Povlov
- Pysiologist famous for work on digestive track
- Stimulus
- anything that evokes a response
- John Watson
- little albert (conditioned emotional response) nurture Can turn a baby into anything
- Conditioned
- Learned
- Unconditioned Stimulus
- a stimulus that triggers an unconditioned or involuntary response
- Albert Bandura
- Obse$vational learning Bobo Dolls
- Burrhus F. Skinner
- operant conditioning who based ideas on Thornickes law of Effects
- Thorndike's Law of Effect
- behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
- Operant Conditioning
- behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences
- Stimulus control
- there is no free will
- Reinforcer
- Strengthens or increases the probabillity of a response
- Punishment
- Decreases the probabillity for a response
- Schedules
- Fixed variable ratio interval
- Sensory
- 1st info contact coming in
- Iconic
- image
- echoic
- sound