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womens health

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is the leading cause of death in the U.S.
Heart disease
Three important elements bring about your state of well-being:
Mind -psyche-emotional, attitudinal, mental Body -Soma, physical status Spirit Philosophy about living with yourself and living with others
Factors that influence your status as a whole person:
Endogenous -events that occur within you Exogenous -external events that influence you
Holistic Wellness Model (2)
Personal component -striving for the satisfaction of your own personal needs Spiritual component -striving for a relationship with other persons and things Not a mandate, but a guide for living
There are three forms of health interventions:
education, prevention,treatment
Primary reinforcers can be
positive, negative, and punishment
Resistance to change is often a result of
the existence of secondary reinforcers
Self-Efficacy
The conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior or behaviors required to produce desired outcomes A strong sense of self-efficacy is essential for the promotion of healthy behavior change.
Managing lifestyle changes can occur through a self-help plan which involves 3 steps:
Personal Inventory (evaluation of personal health) Helpful Attitude (consider this a permanent change that promotes realism) Plan of Action
Dietary Guidelines for Americans provides ten recommendations, grouped into 3 areas known as the ABC’s of good health
Aim for Fitness (be more active) Build a Healthy Base (eat fewer calories) Choose Sensibly (make better decisions)
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)
are standards set by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences
Carbohydrates
Function – energy Includes starches, sugars, and fiber Found in foods that come from plants
FIBER
Carbohydrate found in whole grains, vegetables, fruits Soluble-improves your blood cholesterol Insoluble-adds bulk to stools
Protein
Function - growth/maintenance of tissue Americans take in more protein than they need
Fats---Makes food taste good
Known as “lipids” Function - insulation, carrier of vitamins, storage of long-term energy, and satiety Types - saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated Linked with heart disease, cancer, and obesity Keep total intake of fats between 20-35% of calories with most sources coming from unsaturated sources
What are TRANS FATS?
This is a process where manufacturers pump hydrogen into vegetable oils to produce hydrogenated oil Trans fat has been associated with increasing LDL’s in the bloodstream
Vitamins
Organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal growth, reproduction, and maintenance of health
What are Anti-Oxidants?
Vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene are known anti-oxidants May prevent/slow the development of cancer May help ward off other diseases such as “age-related changes” Protects cells against damage by oxygen molecules called “free radicals”.
Minerals
Inorganic materials act as structural elements and regulator of numerous body processes
Calcium
99% of calcium in a woman’s body is found in bone Osteoporosis (demineralization of bone) is a serious threat to 44 million Americans
Iron
Iron helps build certain enzymes and proteins in the body Humans need 10-12 mg of iron/day to manufacture hemoglobin
Water
Over half the body’s weight is composed of water Function – provides medium for nutrients, waste transport, temperature control
PHYTOCHEMICALS
These are substances in plant food that act on the body’s physiology in some positive way
Natural vs. Organic Foods
Organic foods are grown without the use of commercial chemicals Natural foods contain no additives and requires only minor processing during growth and marketing procedures
Basal metabolic rate
Amount of energy you need to maintain your body functions
Cocaine and Crack
Cocaine comes from a plant, Erythroxylon coca which produces an exhilarating effect Crack is a rock-like substance, resulting from mixing cocaine with baking soda or ammonia.
Heroin
is a very addictive, semisynthetic narcotic produced from chemically changed morphine Produces a dream-like state and creates a strong physical and psychological dependency
Methadone
is a synthetic narcotic , intended to be a legal replacement for heroin or morphine
Amphetamines and Methamphetamines
Stimulants, produced synthetically, increases the activity of the CNS
Meth
Meth releases high levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine which stimulates brain cells, enhancing mood and body movement.
Date rape drugs:
GHB Ketamine Rohypnol
HIV
The number of women who contract HIV is increasing at a rate almost 4 times faster than men
Health care providers included a variety of medical practitioners which are divided into 3 groups:
Independent practitioners who have been trained and licensed e.g. medical physicians, nurse practitioners Independent practitioners with restricted practices e.g. podiatrists, dentists, optometrists, mental health therapists Ancillary practitioners who practice only under the supervision of a medical practitioner e.g. physical therapist, midwife, physician’s assistant
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Also known as CAM, has been defined as a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not considered to be part of conventional Western medicine
The FDA defines health quackery as
the promotion of a medical remedy that does not work and has been known to be unproven
Women are twice as likely as men to be clinically depressed
Depression affects 15% of the population
There are 3 basic insurance plans
Private, fee for service plan Preferred providers organizations (PPO) Prepaid group insurance Health maintenance organizations (HMO) Government financed insurance Medicare (paid by Social Security benefits) Medicaid
Intensity
This is How Hard you should engage in the aerobic activity. Intensity is determined by the number of times the heart beats in 1 minute during any given activity
Strength
ability to contract skeletal muscle to engage in work (force x 1)
Endurance
ability for muscle group to function over a period of time (force/time)
3 Types of Training Modes
Isometric (static contractions) Progressive/Isotonic (full range of motion, concentric and eccentric resistance) Isokinetic (speed accommodates the movement of the exercises – computerized dynamometers
Kegel Exercises
Movements that help strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor, aiding support of the fetus
Compulsive Exercise
The need to engage in fitness activities beyond the normal standards of good health
Pulmonary Emphysema
(destruction of the alveoli) is a lung disease that reduces air exchange

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