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LTeffectsofCA

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Traumagenic factors
finklehor and Brown 1986- suggested a framework from which to make sense of, treat and study the effects of child sex abuse - suggested in any CSA situation there are 4 trauma causing factors with different causes, and psy and bah outcomes - which are- powerlessness, betrayal, stigmatisation and traumatic sexualisation
eating disorders and depression
Andrews et al 1995- looked at a sample of working class mothers and daughters- found that those who were sexually abused had higher prev of eating disorders if daughter and chronic, recurrent depression if mum - suggesting that CA leads to a general disposition to disorder with exact disorder differing depending on the characteristics of the groups being studies
middle age people
Springer et al 2007- took a community smaple of middle age people matched on experience of CPA, background and early adversity and found although early adversity and background attenuated the effect CPA led to increase likelihood of physi symp, medi dia, severe ill health and anger, dep and anx even 40 years later effects were seen suggesting again a lowering of general health
Mullen et al 1996
looked at outcomes of emo, physi and sex abuse and said that they led to probs in interpersonal problems, psypath, sex dysfuntion - psypath for lt and 12 mnth differed - dep and eating 4 lt and dep and anx for 12 mnth - no post abuse specific disorder - again suggesting a general disruption of development - although disrupted family, alcho, vio and ental health probs accounted for lot of V therefore have to account for
Kessler et al
women tend to have an increased likelihood of developing mental health probs in response to abuse
Bryer et al 1987
psychiatric patients have a higher prev of cp/sa and those with a history likely to have more chronic severe problems
sexual dysfunction
Stein et al 1988 - found women who have childhood sex abu - high rate of sex dis i 6 mnth and 30% LT prev but no control and if they knew nefing they would know this is no more then the average LT prev for sexual disorders across most population.
Briere and Runtz 1988
female college students who experiences CPA more likely to show dissociation
Browne and Finklehor 1989
CSA- increased prevalance of isolation, stigmatisation, lowereed self-esteem, suicidal behaviour, drug abuse, dep and anx
Beitchman et al 1990
a review of evidence, suggest a link of anx and dep to CSA but not of sex dysfunction, DID, BPD, or post sexual affect sydrome
PTSD
Duncan et al 1996 - women who experienced CPA more likely to develop PTSD
MacMillan et al 2001
Meta-ana suggest women have increased prev of anx, dep, drug and alc abuse and men for alc abuse and anx
Andrews et al
ca - crime shame - PTSD - suggest CA effect on psychological function is through mediating factors such as shame or self-blame and moderators such as age or severity
Wheeler and Berliner 1988
suggested one explanation for vuln to revid is social learning, that is the learning of inappropriate sexual repetoire and low self-efficacy thru instruction, reinforcement, modelling lead to vuln for revic
Brewin and Andrews 1990
ca - characterological self blame- chronic depression
Andrew 1995
ca - bodily shame - chronic depression
Messman and De Jong 1996
suggest about 16-78% who experience CA lead to revic - suggest lots of dif reasons, e.g. learned helplessness, maladapt beh, attitudes, and beliefs, low self-efficacy, fail to learn how to adapt
Femina et al 1990
problems with retro community samples if that dnt report or forget esp. if younger than 5-6, report to please, false memory or search for meaning
salter 1992
CSA variance of report from 4 to 62%
Malinosky-Rummel and Hansen 1993
500 - increased risk for anx, dep, alc abu, sui, low s-e, isolation and stigmatisation
Williams 1994
38% of women even over 7 fail to report CSA 19 years later
Scheflin and Brown 1996
19-68% of people dnt report sexual abuse in review of 25 studies could be dissociation at time, 4get, false mem or inhibition
Widom and morris 1997
men - 58% and women 33% didnt report abuse that went to court cant challenge so cant tell what it is
Roosa et al 1998
looked at 2003 women comm sample and dif measures of abuse, dif defintions of perps and diferent ages and variance of repors dep on measures was 300% and levels of link to dep differed as well

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mikelong1987

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