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Med Term Ch 10

Terms

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-opia
condition of vision
accommodation
ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
amblyopia
decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more nearsighted, farsighted, or astrigmatic than the other), or trauma; usually occurs in one eye; also known as la
anterior chamber
fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris
antibiotic ophthalmic solution
antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (eg. conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers)
aphakia
absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
aque/o
water
aqueous humor
watery liquid secreted by the ciliary processes that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid)
asthenopia
eyestrain (asthenia = weak condition)
astigmatism
distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point)
blephar/o
eyelid
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
blepharochalasis / dermatochalasis
baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of skin elasticity on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis = a slackening)
blepharoplasty
surgical repair of an eyelid
blepharoptosis / ptosis
drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis
blepharospasm
involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
canal of Schlemm
duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the outer portion of the retina
cataract
opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
cataract extraction
excision of a cloudy lens from the eye
chalazion
chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid (chalaza = hailstone)
choroid
vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina
ciliary body
ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes
ciliary muscle
smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision
ciliary processes
epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
cones
cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva (to join together)
conjunctiva
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
conjunctivitis
pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
contact lens
small, plastic, curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors
corne/o, kerat/o
cornea
cornea
transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image
cryoretinopexy / cryopexy
use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment
cycl/o
circle, ciliary body
cycloplegic
agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and the powers of accommodation; commonly used in pediatric eye examinations
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of the lacrimal gland
dacryocystectomy
excision of a lacrimal gland
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the tear sac
diabetic retinopathy
disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision
diplopia
double vision
distance visual acuity
measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 ft; normal distance visual acuity is 20/20
ectropion
outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo = turning)
entropion
inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
enucleation
excision of an eyeball
epiphora
abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi = upon, phero = to bear)
esotropia
right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose (eso= inward; tropo = turning)
exophthalmos / exophthalmus
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
exotropia
right or left eye deviates outward, away from nose (exo = out, tropo = turning)
eye instillation
introduction of a medicated solution in the eye, usually administered by a drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected eye or eyes
eye irrigation
washing of the eye with water or other fluid (eg. saline)
eyelid / palpebra
movable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
fovea centralis
pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit)
fundus
interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) (fundus = base)
glands of Zeis
oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
glaucoma
group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
hordeolum
sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum = barley)
hyperopia
farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina
intraocular lens (IOL) implant
implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens (eg. after cataract extraction)
ir/o, irid/o
colored circle, iris
iridectomy
excision of a portion of iris tissue
iridotomy
incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma
iris
colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil
iritis
inflammation of the iris
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
keratoplasty
corneal transplantation; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor
lacrim/o, dacry/o
tear
lacrimal ducts
tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
lacrimal gland
gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
lacrimal sac
structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct
lacrimation
secretion of tears
laser surgery
use of a laser to make incision or destroy tissues; used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive error (eg. myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) (smileusis = carving)
lens
transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
lens capsule
capsule that encloses the lens
macula lutea / macula
central region of the retina; responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea = yellow)
macular degeneration
breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
meibomian glands
oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids
miotic
agent that causes the pupil to contract (mio = less)
mydriatic
agent that causes dilation of the pupil; used for certain eye examinations
myopia
nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina
nasolacrimal duct
passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
nystagmus
involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding)
ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o
eye
optic disk
exit site of retinal nerve fibers as well as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins
optic nerve
nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain
phac/o, phak/o
lens (lentil)
phacoemulsification
use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, with aspiration and removal
phot/o
light
photophobia
extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light
posterior chamber
space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber; filled with aqueous humor
presby/o
old age
presbyopia
impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
pseudophakia
an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant (pseudo = false)
pterygium
fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
pupil
black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
refractive errors
defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina
retin/o
retina
retina
innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
retinitis
inflammation of the retina
rods
rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
scler/o
hard or sclera
sclera
tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
scleritis
inflammation of the sclera
scotoma
blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness)
sonography
use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye (eg. foreign bodies and detached retina)
strabismus / heterotropia
a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting , hetero = other)
tonometry
use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma
trabecular meshwork
mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm
trichiasis
misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea
vitre/o
glassy
vitreous
jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye

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