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250 Exam 2

Terms

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40-hour work week turns into __ hour work week because...

technology allows 24/7 contact w/ work

people work harder (due to job insecurities?)

percent of teens who have seriously thought about suicide: ___

percent who have attempted it: ___

percent who complete it: ___ 

25, 10, .01
best treatment for depression
fluoxetine + CBT
biological aging

decline in functioning of organs and systems.

differences seen because of genetics, lifestyle choices, living environment

central characteristics of postformal thought

relativism - awareness of multiple truths

contradiction

synthesis -  take emotional and logical thoughts and integrate them into one cohesive decision

changes in physical appearance

loss of collagen = thinner, wrinklier skin

gray, thinning hair ~30 

cohabitation and divorce

cohabitation does not lead to marital success, divorce rates higher, but does not necessarily cause divorce

college = temporary increase in ____ behavior
binge drinking
communal mode of love
give without expecting to receive, if not can lead to problems
conflict decreases in ______adolescence

later.

because able to have more independence through part-time job and having a driver's license 

consummate love
ideal form of love which involves all three facets of triangular theory
critique of Marcia

-not necessarily development, some go backwards, some forwards

-may not be single status for one person 

-identity formation does not end up with emerging adulthood

-foreclosure not necessarily bad 

dutch study on autonomy

asked teens and parents about best age to do independence-related tasks

agreed on sequence, but not timing (teens said earlier) 

Effects of Formal Operations

- thinking about possibilities (what if)

- thinking about hypothesis (if then)

- thinking about abstract concepts

- second-order thoughts (thinking about thinking - consequences of rumors)

- able to carry on a discussion

emotion and adolescence
teens more emotional than adults - more euphoric and depressed in response to everyday life events (much more sensitive)
erikson's stage 5

identity vs. role confusion

deciding who to be when transitioning into adulthood  (identity) vs. failure in identity formation marked by lack of adult path (role confusion) 

Erikson's stage 6

intimacy vs. isolation

-intimacy = mutually satisfying, close relationship with another person 

-need to balance the two: w/o intimacy face lonliness, isolation, self-absorption; w/o independence face defining self only in terms of oth

factors predicting marital success

1. communication of emotion

2. homogamy - similar values/interests

3. age at marriage

4. length of courtship

5. timing of first pregnancy

6. warm, positive relationship with extended family

7. stable marital pa

gender differences in suicide

boys:girls = 5:1

girls make more threats/unsuccessful attempts 

homogamy
we choose a mate who is similar to us in external status, needs, interests, attitudes
identity achievement
a chosen, thought-out adult life path
identity diffusion
person aimless, without any life path
identity foreclosure
diffusion leads to this; acquisition of identity without any active seeking or thought
imaginary audience
belief that everyone is watching their every move, very self-conscious
individuation

becoming an individual, becoming emotionally separate from one's parents

conflict between this and autonomy peaks in mid-adolescence 

intrinsic and extrinsic career rewards

intrinsic - satisfy creativity, autonomy

extrinsic - work for external reinforcements like salary, prestige 

invincibility fable
belief that one is immune to common dangers
limitations of piaget's formal operations stage

- not as early of an onset as he thought

- not universal: not every adult can reason like scientists or debate abstract topics

Marcia's Four Identity Statuses

-identity diffusion

-identity foreclosure

-moratorium

-identity achievement 

monk experiment
at-risk teens respond more to negative faces than adults
moratorium

authorized period of waiting or delay

Erikson said that young people should take this to search for their identity during the fifth social stage of development.

more likely to stay in college if you...

become emotionally connected to school

find student-oriented faculty member

get to know advisor and find one you like

take advantage of work-study experiences

find diverse group of friends in school

live in dorms

get

negative resolution of erikson's stage 6
isolation - inability/failure to achieve close relationship
other key features of adolescence
sensitive to hypocrisy and difficulty in making decisions
people who cohabitate are
less religious, of lower SES, and less conventional
personal fable
belief that one's thoughts, experiences, and feelings are unique - no one else could possibly understand what they are going through
physical functioning in young adulthood

physical prime in this stage - peaks at 30

health status peaks from 20-30 (disease rare, fewer colds and infections than childhood, only 1% of young adults limited by health condition)

body reaches full form - generally see weight gain&nbs

Piaget's 4th stage

Formal Operation Stage

- adolescent can reach abstract, scientific label

- at ~12 years

- thinking more abstract, hypothetical, systematic 

positive resolution of erikson's stage 6
intimacy, committed relationship with sacrifice, compromise
postformal thought

accept contradiction and integrate different viewpoints into larger conceptual understanding

involves reasoning that is adapted to subjective, real-life contexts 

subjective feelings, personal experiences must be integrated with object

risk factors for suicide

cannot solve problems and lack coping strategies to deal with stressors

biggest determinant: availability of lethal means (guns used in 52% of suicides) 

risk-taking study
teens do much more dangerous behavior when with social groups than when alone; young adults don't have as much difference
smoking
single biggest contributor to health problems
sources of conflict for teens and parents
discussion and issues of independence
three reasons for cohabitation

- limited cohabitation - based on convenience, share expenses - no long-term commitment

- premarital cohabitation - trial marriage

- substitute marriage - long-term commitment without legal marriage 

Triangular theory of love

can break love down into three components:

-passion - sexual arousal

-intimacy - feelings of closeness

-commitment - marriage or exclusive, lifelong cohabiting relationships

U-shaped curve in marital happiness

honeymooners have highest bliss

10% say bliss lasts throughout, 90% say goes downhill from there

downhill slope levels out after year 4 - if make it there, are past "danger zone"

 

 

what brain region changes most during adolescence?

cerebellum

therefore, takes a long time to navigate a complex social world and juggle school, family, and social life 

what is seen in emerging adulthood?

-better behavioral control

-improved cognitive function

-big adjustments and decisions (leaving home, finding career, finding partner) 

women have less job security because...

lower paying job categories

get paid less than men in same job

have less continuous careers 

yurgleman-todd conclusions

adolescents misread emotions on faces probably because adolescents and adults engage different brain regions (adults = frontal lobe; adol = amygdala)

may explain communication problems between adults and teens 

Deck Info

51

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