Chapter 6 Deformation
Terms
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- A large upfold or arch of layered rocks.
- Anticline
- An imaginary surface that divides a fold as symmetrically as possible, with one limb on either side of the plane
- Axial plane
- A bowl-shaped depression of rock layers in which the beds dip radially toward a central point
- Basin
- A material that undergoes little deformation under increasing force, until it breaks suddenly
- Brittle material
- A force that squeezes together or shortens a body
- Compressive force
- The amount of tilting of a rock layer; the angle at which the bed inclines from the horizontal
- Dip
- A fault on which there has been relative movement of the blocks up or down the dip of the fault plane
- Dip-slip fault
- A broad circular or oval upward bulge of rock layers
- Dome
- A material that undergoes smooth and continuous plastic deformation under increasing force and does not spring back to its original shape when the deforming force is released.
- Ductile material
- The processes by which tectonic forces cause the lithosphere to break and slip along a fault
- Faulting
- the processes by which crustal forces deform an area of crust so that layers of rock are pushed into folds
- Folding
- A map representing the rock formations exposed at Earth's surface
- Geologic map
- A diagram showing the geologic features that would be visible if vertical slices were made through part of the crust
- Geologic cross-section
- A crack in a rock along which there has been no appreciable movement
- Joint
- A dip-slip fault in which the rocks above the fault plane move down relative to the rocks below the fault plane, extending the structure horizontally
- Normal fault
- A force that pushes two sides of a body in opposite directions
- Shearing force
- The compass direction of a rock layer, fault, or other planar structure where it intersects with a horizontal surface
- Strike
- A fault on which the movement has been horizontal, parallel to the strike of the fault plane
- Strike-slip
- A large downfold whose limbs are higher than its center
- Syncline
- A force that stretches a body and tends to pull it apart
- Tensional force
- A low-angle reverse fault- one with a dip of less than 45 degrees- so that the overlying block moves mainly horizontally
- Thrust Fault