zTest #5 Chapter 21
Terms
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- Social change refers primarily to
- a
- Evolutionary theorists such as Spencer believed that social change is
- a
- Conflict theorists such as Karl Marx predicted the revolt of the masses under the
- a
- Spengler’s theory of civilization was that all societies
- a
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Sorokin believed that societies might emphasize religious beliefs, scientific beliefs, or sense
experiences - a
- Which theory views society as a balanced system of institutions rather than an ever-changing system?
- a
- Cultural lag refers to
- a
- Ecological change refers to change in the
- a
- Europe flourished as it did because
- a
- Rational political systems developed in Europe because
- a
- Science and rational religion developed in Europe because
- a
- An innovation is
- a
- A discovery is
- a
- An invention is
- a
- Bus systems grew before 1950 because
- a
- The automobile has created changes in
- a
- Modernization in underdeveloped countries
- a
- Dependency theory states that underdeveloped nations
- a
- When preindustrial nations develop lower birth rates, better health care, and housing, this is called
- a
- Third world nations remain poor because
- a
- World Systems theory states that
- a
- Exploited countries could improve their situation by
- a
- Durkheim thought specialization and greater division of labor would create
- a
- Marx thought specialization and greater division of labor would create
- a
- Tönnies believed that relationships between people in an industrialized society would become
- a
- Weber believed that relationships between people in an industrialized society would become more
- a
- Maccoby maintains that the type of manager sought by corporations today is like a(n)
- a
- Futurists predict both
- a
- Our present social system functions to support a cycle of
- a
- When we understand how societies function, we can alter
- a
- T F Sociology is largely the study of social change.
- a
- T F Spencer compared the evolution of society to the evolution from one-celled animals to human beings.
- a
- T F Conflict theorists contend that societies progress to a higher order when oppressed groups maintain their position.
- a
- T F All cyclical theorists believe that decay is inevitable.
- a
- T F Structural functionalists maintain that societies are made up of institutions that are in constant conflict with each other.
- a
- T F Ecological change refers to shifts in the relationship between population and geography.
- a
- T F Innovations are changes that alter society.
- a
- T F An invention is a device constructed by putting two or more things together in a new way.
- a
- T F Diffusion occurs whenever a better way of doing things is invented.
- a
-
T F Modernization theorists believe that underdeveloped nations will undergo the same stages that
industrialized nations have already passed through. - a
- T F Changes in the nature of work shape personality changes in the population.
- a
- T F Some futurists predict economic depression and devastation far worse than the Great Depression of the 1930s.
- a
-
T F Etzioni argues that society should make some choices and plan for a future that will provide
satisfactory lifestyles for its members. - a
- T F Societies are not able to adapt to change because of the complexity of interactions between various institutions.
- a
- T F We cannot assume that progress will inevitably happen.
- a
- Adopt a doomsday prediction for the future and argue both theoretically and with factual evidence that your prediction will come true.
- a
- Adopt an optimistic, progressive prediction for the future and argue both theoretically and with factual evidence that your prediction will come true.
- a
- Describe how ecological factors shaped European rational ideology.
- a
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Describe social innovations (not technological innovations) that would solve some of the problems
created by the automobile. Which institution would need to be changed most? - a
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Discuss social innovations that would solve some of the problems created by the automobile. Suppose the innovations you outlined were to occur. Would these changes be most likely to come about through
conflict or through a natural evolution? Give - a
- d
- d