Chapter 1 Addendum
Terms
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- Empiricism
- knowledge comes from experience via the senses and science flourishes through observation and experimentation
- Structuralism
- early school of Psy. That used introspection to explore elemental structure of mind (i.e., the parts of the engine)
- Functionalism
- school that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function – how they help organism to adapt, survive, and flourish (i.e., what each part does)
- Basic research
- pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
- Applied research
- scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
- Clinical Psychology
- studies, assesses, and treats ppl with Psy. d/o
- Psychiatry
- branch of medicine dealing with psy. d/o. Provide medical and psychological tx.
- Hindsight bias
- tendency to believe after seeing an outcome, that one would have forseen it. (i.e., Monday-morning quarterbacking)
- Critical Thinking
- – thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Examines assumptions, evidence, and conclusions.
- Theory
- explanation using integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts obs.
- Hypothesis
- testable prediction, often implied by theory
- Operational definition
- the procedures used to define research variables (e.g., Depression is defined at total score on depression inventory)
- Replication
- repeating a research study, usually with diff. participants and situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.